دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شناسایی پیامد منفی ناخواسته از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
درخواست "چه چیز دیگری؟" برای شناسایی پیامدهای منفی ناخواسته
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Asking “What Else?” to identify unintended negative consequences
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The idea that decisions are only bad in hindsight highlights the fact that decisions, both personal and business, are made based on the available information the decision maker chooses to consider. A decision’s worth must be based on what was known when it was made versus what is known now. A bad decision may be the result of important information not being available or the decision maker thinking it was not relevant. However, with the advent of big data, cognitive computing, and social media, it is more difficult to argue that one could not have known or at least have considered more alternatives. Additionally, as businesses adopt corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability initiatives in the global community, they make decisions that have not been part of their strategic thinking and thus require more and different information. In this article, we consider ways to reduce the amount of unintended negative consequences–—results that happen in addition to the intended positive ones.Asking ‘‘What else could happen?’’ after making a strategic decision can allow an organization a way to pause before jumping straight to implementing the decision. This article proposes a 5-step What Else? process to identify possible unintended consequences of strategic decisions. This begins with ensuring the intended positive consequence of a decision is aligned with the organization’s purpose and strategic vision, which is particularly important when considering decisions about starting social or environmental initiatives. Next, the organization must identify the major stakeholders involved with implementing the decision, and then describe the system in which the decision exists and how that decision might change the system in both the short and long term. This is especially necessary in the global business space. In the fourth step, decision makers should use scenarios to propose possible consequences other than the chosen positive one. Scenarios then identify the data to track to verify the increasing or decreasing probability of the identified possible unintended consequences occurring. An increasing probability of negative consequences could lead to halting or altering the implementation of the decision or to developing a mitigation strategy to minimize possible harm to stakeholders. If stakeholders have identified possible negative unintended consequences, an organization can increase stakeholder trust by considering them; in fact, it may find that stakeholders can acceptthe possibility of negative unintended consequences if the organization is committed to tracking the increasing or decreasing probability of their occurrence. Finally, an organization should implement a system for tracking the trends that indicate an increased or decreased probability of identified negative consequences; this allows space to develop strategies to prevent them or mitigate their effects. Using such a model demonstrates a commitment to people, planet, and profit, which can counter criticism on social media. This article will provide examples of negative unintended consequences that were the result of decisions made to achieve positive results, and how asking What Else? could have prevented them, or at least mitigated their severity.
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کلمات کلیدی:
The unintended negative consequences of the 'war on drugs' - Penal ... https://www.penalreform.org/.../unintended-negative-consequences-war-drugs-mass-c... This briefing discusses the negative consequences of the 50 year 'war on drugs' and sets out what ... To find out more read our privacy policy or click here to close this notice. ... The unintended negative consequences of the 'war on drugs'. The Law of Unintended Negative Consequences - Spectrum Magazine spectrummagazine.org/article/eddy-johnson/.../law-unintended-negative-consequence... Sep 3, 2013 - The Law of Unintended Negative Consequences ... Less used lately, the terminology was used worldwide to determine the spiritual standing of ... Unintended pregnancy. Consequences and solutions for a worldwide ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9871381 by CS Klima - 1998 - Cited by 96 - Related articles Abortion is a frequent consequence of unintended pregnancy and, in the developing ... long-term negative health effects including infertility and maternal death. ... and a society that allows women to determine their own reproductive choices. Intended and Unintended Policy Consequences | GEOG (EME) 432 ... https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog432/node/121 When we talk about unintended consequences, we're usually referring to a negative, unforeseen consequence of a seemingly well-intentioned policy design.
