دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شرط احتمالات اتحاد سازمانی از سایت الزویر


عنوان فارسی مقاله:

حالت های همکاری، پیش شرط ها و احتمالات در اتحاد سازمانی: ارزیابی مقایسه ای


عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Collaboration modes, preconditions, and contingencies in organizational alliance: A comparative assessment


سال انتشار : 2016



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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:


2. Modes and contingencies in collaboration contexts 

2.1. Collaboration modes Collaboration modes concern forms, patterns, or conditions that describe and justify collaborative activity structures and control interactions among collaboration units. An organization can build on a collaboration structure through management programs, documentation and legitimized accountability, or through technology supports. In a course of collaboration, work units should ensure adequate interaction for information, view and opinion exchange, and eventually conclude solutions. A formal mode of collaboration can regulate and assure adequate exchange and contributions among interacting work units. Such regulations and assurance legitimize duty specification and accountability. Contrarily, an informal mode takes advantages of immediate, spontaneous interaction, and emphasizes on mutual responsiveness at all phases of collaboration, rather than on formal, accountable interaction results. In some cases, management cannot judge how large a collaboration scale is, or for how long a collaboration will run. Specifying and regulating the way individuals interact likely imposes undesirable restrictions on voluntary, improvisatory contributions. An informal collaboration mode encourages a sense of group identity, involvement, and conflation of knowledge, which are key elements of social innovation that public administration and policy makers often call for. Literature about social and public alliance treat collaboration values more on deontological grounds. This thought mainly bases on collective benefits of morality that management expects to gain during the course of collaborative work. The collaboration is less successful when interacting units cannot take the perspectives of each other or tend to disprove the other's principles and view (Henrich & Henrich, 2007; Hoang & Rothaermel, 2005). Therefore, management should attain collective goals and directions using negotiation and politicking as collaboration means. When stakeholder sizes are particularly large, like in cross-institutional projects, collaboration cannot simply adopt systematizing principles to legitimate collaboration work and process. Instead of being explicit about structures, regulations and procedures, participation in collaboration should be more liberal and spontaneous Individuals will consider balances between own interests and collective interests, compare their own personal value concepts against collective collaboration norm, and calculate suffering in collaboration in consideration of gaining larger or future benefit in return. The collaboration mode can be patchy, interfluent, and non-predetermined. Management finds difficult to rule individuals' inclination for collaboration.



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کلمات کلیدی:

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