دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین شبیه سازی ترافیک از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
ارزیابی اثرات مکانی و زمانی با توجه به تصادف بر یک بزرگراه از طریق شبیه سازی ترافیک
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Assessing spatial and temporal effects due to a crash on a freeway through traffic simulation
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA, 2010) of the United States Department of Transportation (USDOT) traffic safety facts, in the year 2010, over 30,000 fatal,1.5 million injury and 5.5 million total crashes occurred in the United States. In the city of Charlotte, North Carolina, during the same year, over 200 fatal and 22,000 injury crashes were reported. The most common types of collisions on freeways are rear-end, ran-off road and sideswipe collisions. The main factors that contributed to the above collision types are failure to reduce speed when the vehicle in front reduces speed, improper lane change, speeding, and inattentive driving (NHTSA, 2010). Accommodating and addressing the safety of system users on freeways is vital as associated damages and economic losses are substantial in nature. Crashes occurring in congested conditions are less severe and more likely to be rear-end collisions (Zhou and Sisiopiku, 1997; Chang and Xiang, 2003; Golob et al., 2008). The highest charges on freeway segments are associated with crashes on congested roads during non-peak travel hours (Rothenbeg et al., 2007). Moreover, crashes during uncongested conditions are more severe and may result in relatively high travel time variation. A majority of safety related research in the past focused on identification of high crash locations and understanding the causes of crashes to improve safety. Likewise, considerable research was done to understand the effect of traffic volume or travel demand on congestion. However, not many focused on understanding the effect of crashes on traffic delay and travel time variation (at and upstream of the crash location) over time and space. Crashes on freeways not only cause severe damage but also induce vehicle delays along the road network. When a crash occurson a freeway, one or two lanes are blocked (closed) temporarily depending on the type of crash. This results in a temporary reduction in capacity and an increase of vehicle delays on the road network. The total delay would be high when a crash occurs during peak hours (high traffic volume) than when compared to off-peak hours (low traffic volume). However, the variation in travel time (function of difference between travel time under a certain condition and travel time under no crash or off-peak condition) may not follow the same trend. The effect of a crash on travel time variation further depends on the time of occurrence, severity of the crash, the number of vehicles involved in the crash, traffic volume (existing and short-term future), geometric conditions, and the lane on which it occurred.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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