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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
طراحی تغییرات مورد نیاز در شبکه اتوبوس پس از انجام منطقه ترافیک محدود
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Designing the required changes in the bus network after performing limited traffic zone in Mashhad, Iran
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Limited Traffic Zone (LTZ) is an approach to limit the number of vehicles entering a zone or street. This method of travel demand management (TDM) has been practiced in Mashhad for more than 10 years. Studies show that around 20 million pilgrims visit the Holy Shrine of Imam Reza in the center of Mashhad each year. Most of these pilgrims come to Mashhad during summer (July to end of September) and two weeks at the beginning of spring (March 21 to April 4). Therefore, the majority of pilgrims visit a small zone in the city (Holy Shrine of Imam Reza) in a short period of time. Also, the daily travel demand is higher at noon and sunset since most prayers at the Holy Shrine are during these times of the day. Summer and spring holidays are based on the solar calendar so they happen on the same dates each year. However, some religious dates that attract pilgrims to Mashhad are based on the lunar calendar and therefore, travel each year happens on different dates. Both these solar and lunar holidays are called special days. Of course in some years, lunar occasions fall on solar-based holidays, so the city experiences an extreme peak period. To manage crowded traffic on these special days, the Mashhad Traffic and Transportation Organization (MTTO) decided to implement two LTZs: one for summer and spring holidays and another one for normal days on which lunar occasions may happen. Fig. 1 demonstrates the border of these two LTZs. During normal days, only the smaller LTZ operates while during special days, both of them operate with a different control scheme. On normal days, LTZ operates based on a license plate scheme. During odd days, only vehicles with plates ending with an odd number can enter this LTZ. The same applies to even days for even-numbered plates. On Fridays (formal weekend in Mashhad), all vehicles can enter the LTZ. On special days, LTZ operates based on zone pricing. Each vehicle that enters this LTZ is charged a fee and if it has the appropriate license plate for that day, it can also enter the inner LTZ. In order to determine the borders and restricted areas, an LTZ Comprehensive Study (LTZCS) was conducted by MTTO. The study also estimated the new demand of trips during special and normal days. This paper summarizes the findings of the public transit section of LTZCS. The emphasis of this research is to modify the current bus system without introducing a new bus network. There are several reasons for keeping the current bus system and avoiding a new system that is significantly different from the current system. Introducing a new bus line usually does not have negative social effects, but removing or even partially changing it usually produces a lot of public complaints. Previous experience in Mashhad showsthat in some cases, it could generate protests. Another reason is the practical difficulties. A bus system takes years to form, including the habits on both the side of operators and users. Most cities start their bus system with a few lines and as the population of the city increases, more lines are added. Changing a network, or even a line, requires a lot of energy and cost in the system. LTZ produces considerable friction in changing the habits in a city, it does not seem wise to create more friction by changing the current bus network altogether. This paper is organized as follows. The next section provides a literature review. Methodology to design required changes in the bus network after performing limited traffic zone is provided in Section 3. The case study section and its results are presented atthe end.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Level of service - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Level_of_service Level of service (LOS) is a qualitative measure used to relate the quality of traffic service. LOS is used to analyze highways by categorizing traffic flow and assigning quality levels of traffic based on performance measure like speed, ... Traffic flows at or above the posted speed limit and motorists have complete mobility ... Vehicular Networks: From Theory to Practice https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1420085891 Stephan Olariu, Michele C. Weigle - 2009 - Computers VISSIM10 is a commercial microscopic traffic simulator developed by PTV America. ... of objects in the simulation, from cars and trucks to buses to pedestrians. ... by Quadstone Ltd, is a set of high-performance microsimulation software tools. ... Model (IDM) car-following model24 and the MOBIL lane change model25 in six ... Network World - 19 Oct 1987 - Page 43 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?id=IB0EAAAAMBAJ Vol. 4, No. 42 - Magazine In the former case, staff must be available to perform changes and must ... with an implementation When Mercury Communications, Ltd. needed a short haul solution to ... Traffic capacity or throughput is determined by several factors: bus speed ... This difference determines how the synchronization function recovers after a ... Searches related to changes in the bus network after performing limited traffic network topology fully connected advantages and disadvantages difference between star topology and bus topology common network devices line network topology differences between ring bus and star networks line topology advantages and disadvantages four common network devices star topology vs bus topology
