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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
سیگنال دهی فسفو در نورون سوماتوسنسوری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Phosphoinositide signaling in somatosensory neurons
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The primary somatosensory neurons that mediate temperature and touch sensation as well as detect painful stimuli are dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons. They are pseudounipolar cells; their peripheral processes conduct nerve impulses from the skin or mucous membranes, and the shorter central processes convey information to the central nervous system. The nerve fibers the axons of DRG neurons form are classically categorized by diameter and conduction velocity, to unmyelinated C-fibers with the slowest conduction velocity, associated with temperature and pain detection, myelinated Ad fibers associated with pain and temperature sensation, Ab fibers associated with mechanosensation, and Aa sensory fibers that convey information from proprioceptors. Intense mechanical and thermal stimuli evoke pain; this acute nociceptive pain is a major defense mechanism against tissue damage. Pain can become chronic via two general mechanisms: chronic inflammation sensitizes the pain pathway to otherwise non-painful stimuli, and either physical or chemical nerve damage leads to neuropathic pain. Chronic pain is a major unsolved medical problem, and has been a significant driving force behind research on this field (Basbaum et al., 2009). Skin diseases, and exposure of the skin to irritants often induce itch, which is also detected by DRG neurons, and also a significant medical problem (Bautista et al., 2014). The cell bodies of DRG and TG neurons are relatively easy to isolate, and they survive well in cell culture, thus they are amenable to electrophysiological characterization using the patch clamp technique. The peripheral nerve endings, where physiological sensation actually happens, are not accessible for patch clamping. While nerve impulses can be detected that arise from these nerve termini, using for example the skin-nerve preparation (Zimmermann et al., 2009), these composite nerve signals do not convey sufficient information on the contribution of individual ion channel types. Most of our knowledge about ion channels in sensory neurons comes from electrophysiological characterization of cell bodies, and we assume that a similar set of ion channels are found in the nerve termini. This assumption has been confirmed by many genetic knockout studies, where deletion of ion channels described in the cell body, had the expected sensory phenotype, indicating that the ion channel is also present in the peripheral termini.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Phosphoinositide Signaling | Annual Review of Plant Biology www.annualreviews.org › Annual Review of Plant Biology › Volume 63, 2012 by WF Boss - 2012 - Cited by 61 - Related articles Phosphoinositide Signaling. Annual Review of Plant Biology. Vol. 63:409-429 (Volume publication date June 2012) First published online as a Review in ... Phosphatidylinositol - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylinositol Phosphatidylinositol consists of a family of lipids as illustrated on the right, a class of the ... Phosphorylated forms of phosphatidylinositol (PI) are called phosphoinositides and play important roles in lipid signaling, cell signaling and membrane ... Phosphoinositide 3-kinase - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoinositide_3-kinase Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer. PI3Ks are a family of related intracellular signal transducer enzymes capable ... Phosphoinositide Signaling in Plants - AOCS Lipid Library lipidlibrary.aocs.org/Biochemistry/content.cfm?ItemNumber=40309 by I Heilmann - Related articles Aug 13, 2010 - Phosphoinositide Signaling in Plants. Introduction. Phospholipids are important building blocks of biological membranes in all eukaryotes. Phosphoinositide signaling in plant development | Development dev.biologists.org/content/143/12/2044 by I Heilmann - 2016 - Cited by 5 - Related articles ... C (Amadio et al., 2006), but this enzyme is missing in plants (Mueller-Roeber and Pical, 2002) and a signaling function for plant DAG has not been reported. Searches related to Phosphoinositide signaling phosphoinositide signaling pathway phosphoinositide pathway phosphatidylinositol signaling system phosphoinositide cascade phosphoinositol pip2 pathway phospholipase c pi3k
