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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اثرات زیست محیطی انتشار هواپیما و مالیات بر سوخت هواپیما در ژاپن
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Environmental impact of aircraft emissions and aviation fuel tax in Japan
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Preceding research
The first extensive investigation of the environmental impact of aviation emissions was the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on “Aviation and the Global Atmosphere” (IPCC, 1999). It revealed that global passenger aviation had grown at a high rate of 9% annually since 1960 (2.4 times the average Gross Domestic Product (GDP)). Furthermore, the report found that emission reductions from technological and operational improvements (i.e., air transport management and airframe/engine design) had not kept pace with the increasing demand for air transport (IPCC, 1999). The report projected that between 1990 and 2015, global passenger air travel would grow by approximately 5% annually. This is similar to predictions by other studies that have estimated the growth of world aviation at 4.5e5.5% annually over future 15e20-year periods (Lee et al., 2001, 2004; Macintosh and Wallace, 2009; Lee, 2010; Mayor and Tol, 2010; Cheze et al., 2011, 2013; Airbus, 2015; Boeing, 2015). Based on these figures, current global air passenger traffic will have more than doubled by the early 2030s (IATA, 2015a; ICAO, 2013) with commensurate increases in jet fuel demand (Mazraati, 2010) and greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, the demand for aviation fuel is currently at a record high, having increased from 4.2% of the world's oil-refining output in 1973 to 6.5% in 2012 (IEA, 2014b). Furthermore, CO2 emissions from air transport have grown by 86.4% between 1990 and 2012 (IEA, 2014a).
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[PDF]Aviation Emissions, Impacts & Mitigation - Federal Aviation ... https://www.faa.gov/regulations_policies/policy_guidance/.../Primer_Jan2015.pdf principles of: 1) limiting and reducing future aviation environmental impacts to levels ... The remaining 90 percent of aircraft emissions are emitted at altitudes. [PDF]aviation and the environment - Oakland International Airport Noise ... flyquietoak.com/_.../Aviation%20and%20Environmental%20Report%20to%20Congr... Reducing significant aviation environmental impacts in absolute terms is a challenging goal, ..... tributor to local air quality impacts, some aircraft emissions. [PDF]aviation and the environment - Massachusetts Institute of Technology web.mit.edu/aeroastro/partner/reports/congrept_aviation_envirn.pdf Reducing significant aviation environmental impacts in absolute terms is a challenging goal, ..... tributor to local air quality impacts, some aircraft emissions. [PDF]European Aviation Environmental Report 2016 - European Commission https://ec.europa.eu/.../sites/.../european-aviation-environmental-report-2016-72dpi.p... European Aviation Environmental Report 2016. 11. Emissions impacts and European policy. Climate change. Aircraft engines emit various pollutants of which ... [PDF]Aviation Environmental Impacts - ICAO https://www.icao.int/Meetings/Green/Documents/day%201pdf/.../3-Maurice.pdf May 16, 2013 - Aviation impacts community noise, air quality, water quality ... Environmental impacts from aviation emissions could ... Impacts of Aircraft Noise. Aviation and climate change : Aviation: Benefits Beyond Borders aviationbenefits.org/environmental-efficiency/aviation-and-climate-change/ This impact takes several forms, including the disturbance caused by aircraft noise ... A major concern for the industry is greenhouse gas emissions from aviation and ... The aviation industry is doing a great deal to limit its environmental impact. [PDF]Environmental Impacts of Aviation - Transportation Research Board onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/millennium/00036.pdf by PJ GRAY-MULLEN - Cited by 1 - Related articles A1J52: Task Force on Environmental Impacts of Aviation ..... have resulted in reductions in aircraft noise and emissions of certain criteria pollutants [e.g.,. Searches related to Environmental impact of aircraft emissions and aviation aviation pollution environmental issues in aviation industry environmental factors affecting airline industry how do airplanes affect the environment environmental impact of air travel environmental impact of flying vs. driving airplane emissions aircraft emissions data
