دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین زیستگاه فصلی توسط حشرات گیاه خوار از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تسهیل زیستگاه فصلی کوتاه مدت توسط حشرات گیاهخوار
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Short-term seasonal habitat facilitation mediated by an insect herbivore
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Biotic interactions amongst species are known to play a primary role influencing the structure and function of ecological communities (Showalter 2000; Stachowicz 2001). These interactions may be mutualistic or antagonistic in nature and include important processessuch as pollination, competition, herbivory, predation and parasitism (Schemske, Mittelbach, Cornell, Sobel, & Roy 2009). However, organisms can also directly or indirectly affect individuals of other species in space and time by altering structural aspects of the habitat that affect the behaviour, development and survival of the other organisms (Hastings et al. 2007; Gribben et al. 2009). When a species generates conditions that affect entire ecosystems at potentially large scales or which persist in time, the species driving these conditions is known as an ‘ecosystem engineer’ (Jones, Lawton, & Shachak 1994). For example, beavers(Castor canadensis)manufacture damsthat create wetland habitats that are colonized by many other plants and animals (Wright, Jones, & Flecker 2002). Other mammals, such as armadillos, prairie dogs and marmots create refuges and alter nutrient cycles through the burrows they construct (Yoshihara, Ohkuro, Bayarbaatar, & Takeuchi 2009; Desbiez & Kluyber 2013). Invertebrates with shorter life cycles nevertheless may also act as ecosystem engineers. For instance, ants and termites create mounds that facilitate nutrient cycling, enhance plant growth and thus attract various other types of herbivores (Jouquet, Dauber, Lagerlöf, Lavelle, & Lepage 2006; Sanders & van Veen 2011; Esmaeili & Hemami 2013). Lill and Marquis (2003) reported that in spring caterpillars of Pseudotelphusa sp. tie leaves together with silk that act as shelters during feeding. These shelters are used by a diverse group of other insects later in the season after the caterpillars have abandoned them and pupated. The shelters presumably provide protection from natural enemies and heavy rainfall and reduce the risk of desiccation from exposure to directsunlight(Greeney, Dyer, & Smilanich 2012). Many other organisms may strongly influence others at much smaller spatial and/or temporal scales, rendering them as local or transient ‘facilitators’ rather than as more important ecosystem engineers. The exact type of facilitation depends on the biological activities of the facilitator and how this positively affects other species in the vicinity. For example, woodpeckers excavate holesin treesthat are later used as nesting sites or shelter by other vertebrates including cavity nesting birds and mammals (Aitken & Martin 2007). Abandoned burrows excavated by mammals such as woodchucks, pocket gophers and prairie dogs or reptiles such as tortoises are also used as overwintering sites,shelter or foraging routes by snakes, salamanders and small mammals (Vaughn 1961; Lips 1991). Many insects also create short-term refuges or nesting sites for other organisms. For instance, abandoned termite nestsserve as nesting sitesfor a range of tropical birds (Brightsmith 2000). Thus far, only a few studies have shown that solitary-feeding insect herbivores can modify their food plants in ways that create small-scale habitats for a range of species across different trophic levels (e.g. Sigmon & Lill 2013). A pioneering study by Tischler (1973) found that hollow stems of European reeds and thistles are perforated by grazing deer in autumn which create winter refuges for hibernating insects, a form of facilitation he referred to as a “reaction chain”. Other studies have shown that insects can modify plant traits, such as growth or phenology, in ways that can either hinder or benefit other arthropods that share the plant with them (Crawford, Crutsinger, & Sanders 2007; Ohgushi 2008; Cornelissen, Cintra, & Santos 2016; Wetzel et al. 2016). However, these studiesshowed that‘facilitators’ or ‘engineers’ may provide refuges other species, whereas studies showing that arthropods actually depend on the presence of a herbivore for refuges and/or shelter are scarce.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Native herbivores and plant facilitation mediate the performance and ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2745.2010.01776.x/pdf by J Cushman - 2011 - Cited by 37 - Related articles Using a 2-year exclosure experiment, we show that a native herbivore, black-tailed jackrabbits .... ple microhabitat types at our site – in the open dune free of neighbouring ... Herbivory and facilitation mediate a plant invasion 525. Ó 2011 The ..... Hamba¨ck, P.A., Agren, J. & Ericson, L. (2000) Associational resistance: insect. Insect Ecology: Behavior, Populations and Communities https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1139504436 Peter W. Price, Robert F. Denno, Micky D. Eubanks - 2011 - Science Enemy-mediated facilitation can occur at a larger spatial scale as well. ... First, they occur frequently in many habitats and involve herbivores from diverse taxa ... Short-term seasonal habitat facilitation mediated by an insect ... isi-dl.com/item/88690 ... thejns.org, wiley.com, worldscientific.com. SEARCH. Short-term seasonal habitat facilitation mediated by an insect herbivore. sciencedirect.com. Source Link ... Trait-Mediated Indirect Interactions: Ecological and Evolutionary ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1139851357 Takayuki Ohgushi, Oswald Schmitz, Robert D. Holt - 2012 - Nature Dark rounded rectangles represent prey spatiotemporal habitats, and grey ovals ... predator species, facilitation occurs between predators if prey switch habitats ... to predict that importation of the herbivorous insects Ceutorhynchus scrobicollis ... NL Inst of Ecology on Twitter: "New Paper: Short-term seasonal habitat ... https://twitter.com/niooknaw/status/780704772601044992 Sep 27, 2016 - Copy link to Tweet; Embed Tweet. New Paper: Short-term seasonal habitat facilitation mediated by an insect herbivore In: Basic & Appl. Ecol. Food Webs: Integration of Patterns & Dynamics https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1461570077 Gary A. Polis, Kirk O. Winemiller - 2013 - Science ... (e.g., symbioses, habitat facilitation, biotic disturbance, translocation of nutrients or ... there is strong indication that many effects of species alteration are mediated ... 1986); the destruction of temperate forests by exotic insect herbivores (e.g., ... Biodiversity and Savanna Ecosystem Processes: A Global Perspective https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3642789692 Otto Thomas SOLBRIG, Ernesto Medina, Juan F. Silva - 2013 - Science McBrien H, Harmsen R, Crowder A (1983) A case of insect grazing affecting plant ... SJ (1976) Serengeti migratory wildebeest: facilitation of energy flow by grazing. ... competition between root-feeding and leafgalling aphids mediated by host plant ... RB (1981) Insect herbivores limit habitat distribution of a native composite, ...
