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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
گزارشگران بصری برای مطالعه ریشه استئوبلاست
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Visual reporters for study of the osteoblast lineage
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Bone is a highly active organ undergoing constant turnover in a coordinated process involving matrix resorption by osteoclasts followed by osteoblast-mediated bone formation. The bone forming cells, the osteoblasts represent 4 to 6% of the cellular content within the bone lineage [1]. These cuboidal-shaped cells cover active bone surfaces. Their major function is to produce new bone by synthesis and assembly of the extracellular matrix. Osteoblasts are thought to be derived from mesenchymal stem/progenitor cells resident near the bone surface that differentiate into the osteogenic lineage, although our understanding of the exact identity, localization and heterogeneity of osteoprogenitors remains incomplete. In contrast, different stages of osteoblast differentiation have been well defined based on cellular properties and gene expression. There are two transcription factors critical for entry into, and differentiation down the osteoblast lineage, Runx2 and osterix (Sp7). Mice with null alleles for both Runx2 and osterix show total absence of bone formation with a completely cartilaginous skeleton [2,3,4]. Osterix is genetically downstream of Runx2, at least under some circumstances, as osterix null cells can express Runx2, but Runx2 null cells never express osterix. Both factors are involved in regulation of important genes in the osteoblast lineage, including genes expressed in pre-osteoblasts such as type I collagen (Cola1, Col1a2), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP, Alpl), as well as markers of more mature osteoblasts bone sialoprotein (BSP, Ibsp), and osteocalcin (Oc, Bglap). During osteoblast differentiation, when Runx2 and Col1a1 are expressed in a pool of progenitors, a proliferation phase is engaged. During this phase, the cells start to acquire ALP activity and are considered pre-osteoblasts. The next stage of differentiation marks the transition to mature osteoblasts. Two steps are essential for the synthesis of the bone matrix: the organic matrix deposition followed by its mineralization. Osteoblasts secrete collagens (mainly collagen type I), non collagenous proteins including Oc, BSP and osteopontin (OPN), and proteoglycans such as decorin and byglycan. Osteoblasts mediate the process of mineralization by producing ALP and secreting matrix vesicles to seed hydroxyapatite crystal formation. Following completion of their matrix forming activity, mature osteoblasts can undergo apoptosis, become embedded in the matrix and differentiate into osteocytes or become quiescent bone lining cells. The understanding of osteoblast biology is critical as numerous skeletal diseases show an impairment of their number or their function resulting in bone defects. The current knowledge of the osteoblast lineage is expanding in the area of identification of the osteoprogenitor cells, along with further defining paracrine and endocrine functions of cells of the osteoblast lineage in vivo. All of these studies require robust methods to identify and target cells of interest.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Systems Genetic Analysis of Osteoblast-Lineage Cells - PLOS journals.plos.org/plosgenetics/article?id=10.1371/journal.pgen.1003150 by G Calabrese - 2012 - Cited by 30 - Related articles Dec 27, 2012 - Author Summary The osteoblast-lineage consists of a range of cells from osteogenic precursors that mature into bone-forming osteoblasts to ... Systems genetic analysis of osteoblast-lineage cells. - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23300464 by G Calabrese - 2012 - Cited by 30 - Related articles Dec 27, 2012 - The osteoblast-lineage consists of cells at various stages of maturation that are essential for skeletal development, growth, and maintenance. Role of the Osteoblast Lineage in the Bone Marrow Hematopoietic ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by JY Wu - 2009 - Cited by 82 - Related articles Feb 16, 2009 - This review will focus specifically on the role of cells of the osteoblast lineage within the bone marrow niche. In particular, we will examine the ... Mesenchymal Progenitors and the Osteoblast Lineage in Bone ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4077781/ by C Panaroni - 2014 - Cited by 8 - Related articles That the osteoblast lineage could support hematopoiesis in the bone marrow was first demonstrated in vivo by two articles that reported an increase in bone ... Advances in the osteoblast lineage. - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10392704 by JE Aubin - 1998 - Cited by 489 - Related articles Advances in the osteoblast lineage. ... Osteoblasts are the skeletal cells responsible for synthesis, deposition and mineralization of the extracellular matrix of ... Mesenchymal progenitors and the osteoblast lineage in bone marrow ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24477415 by C Panaroni - 2014 - Cited by 8 - Related articles Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2014 Mar;12(1):22-32. doi: 10.1007/s11914-014-0190-7. Mesenchymal progenitors and the osteoblast lineage in bone marrow ... Osteoblast lineage properties in giant cell tumors of bone. - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16307183 by A Murata - 2005 - Cited by 43 - Related articles J Orthop Sci. 2005 Nov;10(6):581-8. Osteoblast lineage properties in giant cell tumors of bone. Murata A(1), Fujita T, Kawahara N, Tsuchiya H, Tomita K. Culture of cells of the osteoblast lineage - Springer link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-0-585-38227-2_1 by FJ Hughes - 1998 - Cited by 48 - Related articles Abstract. Osteoblastic cell cultures have been utilized to study a wide range of issues in bone biology, including the regulation of the differentiation and ...
