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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
رهبری کاریزماتیک رهبران و تعهد پیروان - پویایی تعدیل کننده فرسایش ارزش در سطح اجتماعی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Leaders' charismatic leadership and followers' commitment — The moderating dynamics of value erosion at the societal level
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
Value erosion at the societal level and followers' leadership-related cynicism (arrow 1)
According to the literature in which cynicism is defined as a negative attitude concerning the respective object areas being examined (Anderson & Bateman, 1997), we characterize the components of this attitude – beliefs, feelings and behavioral tendencies (Davis & Gardner, 2004) – in relation to followers' cynicism concerning the trustworthiness of leaders' intentions to practice charismatic leadership as follows. Followers' cynic beliefs reflect the degree to which followers think charismatic leadership practices are being used to achieve selfish, profit-based goals rather than the collective, value-based (and often idealistic) goals that have been communicated. Negative feelings associated with cynicism relate to disillusionment-based frustration. Cynical behavioral tendencies are exemplified by disparaging and sarcastic verbal statements such as: “The secret to success is knowing who to blame for your failures” (Davis & Gardner, 2004, p. 440); or labeling efforts to create a culture of excellence in a case study as “Yankee propaganda” (Fleming & Spicer, 2003, p. 159). As a result of followers' cynicism, the followers assume a low level of leader integrity, defined as the discrepancy between a leader's espoused and enacted values (Simons, 1999). We attempt to explain this specific cynicism in the following by relating to the process of value erosion on the societal level and thereby follow the key position of Dean, Brandes, and Dharwadkar (1998), explaining cynicism as being solely depending upon the followers' interpretations of reality (Weick, 1995), in which real and attributed issues are inextricably mixed. Decreasing consensus regarding specific norms that are judged as legitimate is a notable characteristic of democratic open societies (cf. Gebert & Boerner, 1999; Zhao & Cao, 2010) and embedded within processes of modernization (Habermas, 2001). Modernization constitutes a multidimensional process including social, technological and economic changes (Beck, 2009). Recently, economic processes associated with societal-level modernization have especially impacted the processes of value change and value erosion (Sennett, 1998). As an isolated discussion of the social dimension of modernization is not meaningful at this point, we additionally refer to the sustained economic changes brought about by increasing and strengthening global competition (Soros, 2012). Value erosion, defined as decreasing consensus concerning hitherto accepted societal norms, manifests in an especially strong and observable manner on the behavioral level through violations of ethical standards within the different subsystems of a society. The more human beings believe that they are witnessing violations of ethical standards also outside the business world (e.g., in politics, sports, the arts, science, religion), the higher the probability that such violations will be interpreted as being part of the social–economic system as such (Sennett, 2005), or expressions of human nature (Wrightsman, 1992) and hence are attributed as being a stable factor. As a consequence, a generalizing cynicism covering different object areas in the sense of a generalized expectation of low integrity can develop (Anderson & Bateman, 1997). Illustrating the dissemination of a generalizing cynicism, Mirvis and Kanter (1992) estimated that the percentage of cynic individuals in the United States is approximately 42%. Cynicism also has been observed in Europe and Asia (Kouzes & Posner, 1993).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Leader Charisma, Employee Organizational Commitment, and ... - Core https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/25763132.pdf by A Al Kahtani - Cited by 9 - Related articles model that shows commitment to organization and leader charisma as ..... intrinsically motivate the leader and followers such as a sense of calling and a ... 02 The Dark Side of Charismatic Leadership | Fogarty | Australasian ... aps-journal.com/aps/index.php/APS/article/view/104/101 by S Fogarty - 2010 - Related articles This perception of the charismatic leader's qualities motivates followers to higher levels of commitment and task performance than would otherwise be the case. Charismatic Leadership and Follower Effects - jstor https://www.jstor.org/stable/3100311 by JA Conger - 2000 - Cited by 776 - Related articles charismatic leaders on follower performance and satisfaction is higher than .... leader's extraordinary character and the leader's commitment to followers and the ... Handbook of Employee Commitment: - Page 307 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1784711748 John P. Meyer - 2016 - Business & Economics Charismatic Leadership The two most prominent interpretations of ... of the individual leader (House, 1977), or attributions that followers make about the leader ...
