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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
وابستگان خارجی، پیشرفت تکنولوژیکی و رشد بهره وری: شواهد از کشورهای نفتی MENA و کشورهای غیر نفتی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Foreign affiliates, technological catch-up, and productivity growth: Evidence from MENA oil and non-oil-producing countries
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
5. Empirical findings
In panel data models, economic data are a composition of time series and cross-sections. Modeling the panel dataset calls for some complex stochastic specifications. When we estimate panel data, we should consider two basic points: first, the differences in behavior across cross-sectional units, and second, the differences in behavior within cross-sectional units over time. Because our panel dataset has periods with relatively large cross-sections, the least-squares dummy variable (LSDV) model generates very similar results to the random-effects model (Kmenta, 1986). In general, both LSDV and the random-effects models may lead to inefficient results (Greene, 2000). To avoid this limitation, we use the Parks (1967) method, which also allows for contemporaneous cross-section correlations. Using Parks (1967), the following table shows the empirical findings of Eq. (3.1). Table (5.1) reports the results of Parks (1967) and the LSDV method. The assumptions of the Parks method (1967) generate the cross-sectionally heteroskedastic and timewise autoregressive (CHTA) model, which is described in Elmawazini (2012). Regressions (5.3) and (5.4) present robustness checks of the empirical results of regression (5.2) by dividing the sample into two subsamples, oil-producing and non-oil-producing countries. Specifically, regressions (5.3) and (5.4) confirm the results of regressions (5.1) and (5.2) and show insignificant spillovers from FDI. In addition, panel data regressions show that technological catch-up (GAP) affects labor productivity growth in MENA countries. One explanation of this result is that MENA countries in our full sample cannot absorb the spillovers from FDI possibly owing to the weakness of technological and human capabilities of local firms in MENA countries (Elmawazini and Nawankwo, 2012). This explanation is consistent with some previous studies. For example, the technology level of these countries is one of the lowest levels among developing countries (UNDP, 2006). Therefore, governments in MENA countries should increase their spending on R&D, which may shift the level of technology in MENA countries.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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