دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین دقت مکانی مخفی در کودک از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اشاره های خودکار دقت مکانی مخفی توسط یک عامل جدید در کودکان پیش دبستانی و بزرگسالان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Automatic cueing of covert spatial attention by a novel agent in preschoolers and adults
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Rapid attentional responses during social interactions are adaptive, helping a person to quickly detectthe target of another person’s attention or actions. When attentional responses are automatic, an individual may allocate mental resources to broader social cognitive goals, further speeding responsiveness. However, automaticity can be implemented at different points in cognitive processing (e.g., after either sensory stimulation, perceptual representation, or conceptual assessment), each permitting varying degrees of responsive flexibility. Here we consider the extent to which children’s abstract representations of agency influence “gaze cueing”: a rapid, automatic attentional reorienting response to the direction of another person’s line of sight. Gaze cueing is a form of covert attentional reorienting, occurring without any visible changes in the observer’s eye, head, or body orientation (Friesen & Kingstone, 1998; Hood, Willen, & Driver, 1998; Posner 1980). Individuals who are cued in this manner will more rapidly detect and respond to targets at locations that are congruent, as opposed to incongruent, with another’s visual perspective. The speed, automaticity, and private nature of gaze cueing all distinguish it from the slower,more volitional, and overt reorienting of visual attention observed during bouts of “gaze following,” suggesting that different cognitive mechanisms drive these two responses (Frith & Frith, 2003; Meltzoff & Brooks, 2013; Moore & Corkum, 1998). There are dramatic developmental changes in the inputs that engage automatic covert attention over the course of the lifespan. From birth, infants are cued in the direction of another person’s gaze (Farroni, Massaccesi, Pividori, & Johnson, 2004; Hood et al., 1998), but through at least the 4th month these early responses are constrained to particular contexts (e.g., when preceded by direct eye contact) and are strongly determined by physical features of the cue, such as its lateral motion (Farroni, Johnson, Brockbank, & Simion, 2000; Farroni, Mansfield, Lai, & Johnson, 2003; Matsunaka & Hiraki, 2014). By adulthood, however, the mechanisms that support gaze cueing have moved well past these limitations. There are now numerous demonstrations in which adults’ gaze cueing appears to be informed by mental attributions made to the gazer. For instance, adults only produce cued responses to another person’s gaze when they believe that she can see. Adults are no longer cued in the direction indicated by a gazer’s eyes or head when her eyes are covered (Nuku & Bekkering, 2008, 2010), when her line of sight is obstructed (Kawai, 2011), when target objects appear outside of her field-of-view (Schulz, Velichkovsky, & Helmert, 2014; but see also Cole, Smith, & Atkinson, 2015), or when the observer believes that the cueing character is wearing opaque – as opposed to translucent – goggles (Teufel, Alexis, Clayton, & Davis, 2010). In addition to the ascription of immediate perceptual experiences, gaze cueing in adults is also modulated by the attribution (or reassessment) of a gazer’s capacity for intentional action. When adults are told that, despite appearances, a cueing character is a realistic mannequin and not an actual person, gaze cueing is suspended (Wiese, Wykowska, Zwickel, & Müller, 2012). Moreover, when an adult observer is told that a robot (that does not otherwise cue attention) is being controlled by a human agent, the observer’s attention will be cued in the direction that the robot’s eyes appear to point (Wiese et al., 2012). Together,these findings suggestthat, by adulthood, gaze cueing may be conceptually rich, incorporating representations of a cueing character’s perceptual abilities and mental capacities. However, little is known about how children’s cued responses achieve similar sophistication.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Gaze Cueing of Attention - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1950440/ by A Frischen - 2007 - Cited by 725 - Related articles Keywords: attention, social cognition, gaze cueing, joint attention, face perception .... of attention (as indicated by gaze and/or head orientation) of the agent .... an area that is associated with spatial processing and covert shifts of attention (Corbetta, ... The relation between gaze perception and spatial attention is apparent in ... [PDF]Robot Form and Motion Influences Social Attention - Saygin Lab sayginlab.ucsd.edu/files/2013/01/HRI15_SocialAttention.pdf by AX Li - Cited by 6 - Related articles agents for spatial attentional cueing, robotic appearance, as well as whether the ... agent is a human vs. a robot, add novel manipulations to the literature such as .... interaction. To study the more automatic and covert aspects of social attention. Neurobiology of Attention - Page 61 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0080454313 Laurent Itti, Geraint Rees, John K. Tsotsos - 2005 - Science Covert orienting of attention is also affected by dopaminergic manipulation. ... agent droperidol increased RTs in general, but reduced invalid cue cost (Clark ... produced hemispatial neglect in the covert orienting task (Ward and Brown, 1996) ... of arousal (and possibly directs attention to novel situations and contingencies), ... From Human Attention to Computational Attention: A Multidisciplinary ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=149393435X Matei Mancas, Vincent P. Ferrera, Nicolas Riche - 2016 - Medical For example, attention can be directed at an object in space either in a relatively ... (or stimulus-dependent, bottom-up) processes for orienting attention to novel events [12, 13], ... The concept of spatial selective attention refers operationally to the ... In ecological settings outside the laboratory, agents usually orient toward ... Recent Cognitive Development Articles - Elsevier https://www.journals.elsevier.com/cognitive-development/recent-articles Now you see race, now you don't: Verbal cues influence children's racial stability .... Automatic cueing of covert spatial attention by a novel agent in preschoolers ... Predicting Perceptions: Proceedings of the 3rd International ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=147166869X Stefano Padilla, Mike J Chantler, Julie M Harris - 2012 These insights inform the prediction of attention in deictic gaze cuing contexts where the convergence of motion stimulus, agent presence, and facial and ... while other procedures include a covert shift of the focus of attention occurring with no ... or voluntary (conscious) orientation toward a spatial location or salient feature.
