دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین درمان ریه از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پیشرفت در درمان ریوی و توسعه دارو: مهندسی بافت ریه به ریه روی چیپ
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Advances in pulmonary therapy and drug development: Lung tissue engineering to lung-on-a-chip
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
In the human body, the lung is an important respiratory organ and transporting oxygen from air into bloodstream is its main duty. Therefore as a vital organ, pulmonary diseases have also become one of the leading causes of death. Lung transplantation is the only treatment for them which is limited due to the lack of donors. Although the average waiting time in recent years has been declining, the annual lung transplantation is over 3700 (Yusen et al., 2014). Moreover, lung transplantation cannot be performed for patients whose disease is in severe condition, such as active hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or HIV (Kotloff and Thabut, 2011; Kotloff, 2013). Lung transplantation has also several risks including blood clots, infections, diabetes, and rejection of new lung (Ghanei et al., 2012; Kreider et al., 2011). Likewise, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is one of the most common lung diseases and over 3 million people die annually because of COPD (Lopez et al., 2006). In addition, according to conducted surveys, the burden of COPD is in the fifth rank and will be the third leading cause of death in 2020 (Cazzola et al., 2014; Mannino et al., 2002). Hence, investigations have been focused on other methods including lung tissue engineering (LTE) that the tissue is able to grow by using the patient's own cells in which suppressing the immune system is not required (Reichenspurner, 2005; Yusen et al., 2014). To improve the function of LTE, some methods including 3D culture on natural or synthetic-based scaffolds have been performed (Marelli-Berg et al., 2000; Rice et al., 2002; Vertrees et al., 2008). Lung tissue has sophisticated matrix to provide its main function, gas exchange or mechanical properties and growth of endothelial, epithelial and mesenchymal cells (Ott et al., 2010; Petersen et al., 2010). Therefore, to obtain these criteria and overcome difficulties of scaffold preparation, the process of recellularization of acellular natural tissue scaffolds is used (Lwebuga-Mukasa et al., 1986). This method is based on decellularization of the native lung as a suitable bio-scaffold. As a matter of fact, cell contents and DNA of the organ remain and consequently the 3D structure of the matrix is retained. Immediately afterwards, by recellularization, suitable cell sources are cultured on lung matrix. Recent attempts have been tried to improve efficacy of the whole procedure (Bonenfant et al., 2013; Bonenfanta et al., 2013; Booth et al., 2012; Cortiella et al., 2010; Crabbé et al., 2015; Jensen et al., 2012; Nakayama et al., 2013; O'Neill et al., 2013; Price et al., 2010; Shamis et al., 2011; Wallis et al., 2012). To create better qualified conditions and increase the efficacy of culturing, bioreactors are necessary. As a result, studies on lung tissue engineering lead outstanding progresses in order to treatlung injury and diseases. Additionally, it provides appropriate substrate to improve drug screening on experimental animal models.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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