دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین دانش کسب و کار بین المللی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
دانش کسب و کار بین المللی در حال توسعه از طریق شبکه آموزش تحقیق مبنی بر قدردانی: ارائه یک روش برای تحقیقات مشترک
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Developing international business knowledge through an appreciative inquiry learning network: Proposing a methodology for collaborative research
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The background of the research addressed in this article is the global financial crisis that started in 2008 and the tensions and challenges this crisis inflicted upon the international business of small and medium sized export-dependent companies to adapt to this new situation. A research project was initiated to develop robust and practically actionable knowledge about the internationalization strategies of Swedish small and medium sized companies in emerging markets by focusing on organizational learning in turbulent times. In planning the project, it was soon realized that it is hard to develop new knowledge in small firms, since there are very few parties within the firm to share it with. So, to develop such organizational knowledge, the firm needs to collaborate with other firms to share experiences. It was also discovered that to succeed in such an endeavor, the collaboration needs to be pragmatic or useful by favoring the individual interests of the firms. Due to the complexity of such research, it can hardly be handled by one researcher alone. Thus, to study collaboration among SMEs based on their own interests, researchers need to collaborate among themselves. There are a few studies on joint project teams collaborating in doing IB research (Salmi, 2011), but none that examines how researchers collaborate with firms on equal terms to develop joint knowledge. So, no relevant existing methodology could be found for such a study. The rather ordinary qualitative methodology reviewed by Salmi (2011) does not help much, since it is based on viewing firms as research objects. This also goes for international business (IB) research in general, which is quantitative, and ignores the possibility of knowledge generation through collaboration with firms. Although qualitative research has been part of the international business field since its origin (Birkinshaw, Yoko Brannen, & Tung, 2011), and has become more important in past decades (Marschan-Piekkari & Welch, 2004a; Piekkari & Welch, 2006), it is still under-represented. As shown by Marschan-Piekkari and Welch (2004b) in an article about the state of the art of qualitative research methods in international business, it tends to be marginalized and given a low status. One major reason is that most qualitative research is based on some type of interpretive and anti-positivistic paradigm in a field dominated by quantitative methods built on the pursuit of scientific laws (Hunt, 2003; Yang, Wang, & Su, 2006). A review of articles published in six leading IB journals between 1991 and 2001 showed that only 10% of the articles used qualitative methods (Andersen & Skaates, 2004). According to another review (Yang et al., 2006), questionnaires continue to dominate as the primary data collection method within the field, being utilized in as much as 50% of the empiricalstudies. Qualitative research in IB, when it is performed, is dominated by case studies based on data collected from in-depth interviews (Piekkari & Welch, 2006; Piekkari, Welch, & Paavilainen, 2009). Pragmatic and normative aspects are usually treated as implications. Other approaches, such as collaborative research approaches and action research, remain almost unexplored. Furthermore, much of the qualitative research being done within IB continues to share the positivist assumptions traditionally connected with quantitative research, ignoring much recent epistemological and ontological debate within business and management studies inspired by, for instance, postmodern philosophy, hermeneutics and critical theory (Marschan-Piekkari & Welch, 2004b). The special issues in Management International Review 2006 and Journal of International Business Studies 2011 made significant contributions to promote qualitative methodology in ways that take the particular characteristics of IB into account, such as being multi-cultural, multi-disciplinal and context dependent. This is done by, for instance, problematizing the use of case studies (Welch, Piekkari, Plakoyiannaki, & Paavilainen-Ma¨ntyma¨ki, 2011), as well as the use of interviews for gathering data (Welch & Piekkari, 2006), arguing for the use ofmixedmethods (Hurmerinta-Peltoma¨ki & Nummela, 2006), and introducing new approaches to the field, such as narrative inquiry (Gertsen & Søderberg, 2011; Søderberg, 2006), and discursive approaches (Balogun, Jarzabkowski, & Vaara, 2011). Even though some of these articles problematize the relationship between researcher and subject when doing research and formulating theory (such as Søderberg, 2006; Welch & Piekkari, 2006) none of these contributions explicitly explore the potential of eliminating the distancing between researcher and subject altogether and instead forming a collaborative relationship in search of knowledge. Given the efforts of qualitative methodology to come as close to the research phenomena as possible (Birkinshaw et al., 2011) this would seem as a potentially valuable ambition. We therefore acknowledge the efforts made so far and concur with their potentialto develop IB research (Doz, 2011) but still see the need for more methodological pluralism within international business research, as well as continuous epistemological and ontological reflection. In this paper, our purpose is to contribute to this ongoing development of qualitative methodology within the IB field by promoting collaborative research which, thoughtfully performed, offers significant potential in addressing some of the particular characteristics of the field
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کلمات کلیدی:
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