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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
یک نظریه مبتنی بر دانش سازمان سازمانی چند ملیتی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A Knowledge-based Theory of the Multinational Economic Organization
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
A Capability-based View of Economic Organization
Knowledge-based theory In the 1980’s, the resource-based view of the firm drew attention to the critical role of organization-specific strategic assets in competitive advantage (Barney, 1986; Wernerfelt, 1984; Winter, 1987). However, the explosion of new information sources and new technologies in the 1990’s created pressure on firms to upgrade capabilities quickly using knowledge from external sources. Companies came to rely increasingly on external networks for new knowledge, and multinational enterprises began to exploit their international presence to tap a wider range of knowledge sources (Buckley and Casson, 1985; Dunning and Narula, 1995). This emphasis on external knowledge posed an important theoretical problem for researchers — how can public knowledge help an organization develop firm-specific competitive advantages? Knowledge-based theory offered a response to this question by focusing on a specific type of strategic capability: capabilities for the acquisition and use of knowledge (Galunic and Rodan, 1998; Grant, 1996; Loasby, 1998; Spender, 1996). Knowledge-based theory argued that the performance of the firm relies on firm-specific capabilities for knowledge creation coupled with the management of relationships for external knowledge-transfer (Grant, 1996; Kogut and Zander, 1993; Spender, 1996). Organization of knowledge sharing This view of the firm as a porous entity embedded within a larger web of economic relationships draws attention to an important organizational issue. Many different types of inter and intra-organizational exchange provide organizations with inputs for the creation of knowledge. Some knowledge sharing relationships are closely managed within firms; some involve highly autonomous units; others exist as stable network ties with external actors; and still others are more transient connections. Different organizations may organize knowledge-sharing relationships in different ways under similar technical and market conditions, such as alliances, local clusters, or industrial research consortia. This raised an important question: What is the most effective means of organizing any specific knowledge transfer? Firm v. organization Williamson’s (1999) key distinction between firm and organization is important in this context. The firm is a legal structure that allows the use of incentives that cannot be effectively employed in arm’s length transactions. Firms represent one specific type of organization within a larger spectrum of economic organizations. “Economic organization,” on the other hand, takes in all stable exchange systems that support knowledge-sharing and build productive capabilities — including social networks, industrial clusters, firms, alliances, even some quasi-market exchanges (Kogut, 2000).
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کلمات کلیدی:
The Multinational Enterprise as an Economic Organization (Chapter 1 ... https://www.cambridge.org/.../multinational...economic...multinational...economic-organ... Multinational Enterprise and Economic Analysis - by Richard E. Caves March 2007. The Advantages of Multinational Organizations | Chron.com smallbusiness.chron.com › Business Models & Organizational Structure › Organizations A multinational corporation is one that has a presence in more than one country. ... The employment may also have a knock-on benefit for the local economy, ... Organizational Efficiency, Firm Capabilities, and Economic ... www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/1525383X200900021 by P Hwang - 2009 - Cited by 5 - Related articles Abstract: We argue that multinational enterprises (MNEs) not only strive to minimize transaction costs but also attempt to maximize transaction values when ... Searches related to Multinational Economic Organization oecd guidelines for multinational enterprises pdf oecd guidelines for multinational enterprises 2011 oecd guidelines for multinational enterprises summary oecd guidelines for multinational enterprises 2016 oecd guidelines transfer pricing pdf oecd guidelines 2016 oecd guidelines 2017 oecd transfer pricing guidelines 2016 pdf
