دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین خرده فروشی و توزیع ساختار مواد غذایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
مشابه ولی متفاوت؟ مقایسه خرده فروشی و توزیع ساختارهای مواد غذایی در فرانسه و آلمان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Same–same but different? A comparison of food retail and distribution structures in France and Germany
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
With the continuous spread of the same labels across high streets all over the world, one could expect to encounter similar logistical retail structures everywhere, at least for similar market segments, e.g. food or fashion. Therefore, when modeling international freight transport, it is tempting to assume almost identical logistical structures within national markets and for the same market segments all over the world. However, this is not the case. Despite a globalization of brands, distribution structures within industry still vary significantly from one country to the next and even on a regional level such as Europe. As a consequence, different logistics distribution systems with different freight transport demand can be found. With its high number of selling points, its important revenue volumes and its relevance for every-day life, the food retail market lends itself as an interesting market for a closer analysis of the impact of retail structures on distribution logistics and transport demand. Therefore, and against the described background, this paper takes a closer look at the food retail industry’s structures, using the example of two neighboring EU countries, France and Germany, as they are among the European countries with the highest revenue in food sales. Like most other retail industries, the food sector is characterized by growing market competition and increasing cost pressure. At the same time, fostered also by online experiences, customers’ expectations towards instant availability of an interesting and diverse product assortment are rising continuously. As a consequence, the necessity of optimizing the efficiency of processes and logistics structures is growing, with retailers having to cope with the complex mixture of supply chains of local, regional and global sourcing at the same time. This complexity of today’s retailers’ businesses is often further increased by their geographical spread. Furthermore, growing awareness of environmental concerns, demand for sustainable products and the need to optimize the efficiency of processes in order to keep costs at a minimum add to the challenges that the retail sector faces These are further enhanced by more transportspecific issues such as congestion, resulting difficulties to time deliveries and increasing energy prices, namely fuel. These challenges and the competitive environment of the retail industries have resulted in distinctly different spatial patterns, both on an industrial as well as on a geographical level. This differentiation is due to the fact that retailers try to differentiate themselves from their competitors through their network structure, and that they try to optimize their logistics efficiency: “Retail and service networks are developing and as competition is increasing in the retail environment, the best location is one of the most critical criteria of network performance. This location criterion deals not only with the single store location but also with the global network location.” (Cliquet 1998, 206).
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