دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین خدمات پزشکی اورژانس از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
احساس خطر در پاسخ دهندگان خدمات پزشکی اورژانس
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Hazard perception in emergency medical service responders
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Hazards are defined as either an object (e.g. vehicle merging into a lane) or condition (e.g. a construction zone) that increases the risk of injury. In the traffic safety literature, hazard perception is operationalized as the ability to identify and respond to hazardous elements in the roadway environment (Horswill and McKenna, 2004). Efficient hazard perception allows individuals to anticipate a hazard from situational cues and respond appropriately and has been identified as a skill that is related to safe driving (e.g., Mills et al., 1998). Spicer initiated the investigation of hazard perception (1964, as cited in Horswill and McKenna, 2004) in a study asking drivers to identify important elements from a series of driving videos. Younger, collision-involved drivers were found to be less accurate than those who were collision-free. Similarly, Pelz and Krupat (1974) found a significant difference in response latency; drivers with no collision history revealed faster responses to road hazards presented in video clips than those who reported collisions (by 500 ms) and those with reported convictions (by 1200 ms). Those without a collision history are also better at correctly identifying when it is safe to maneuver a vehicle (Hull and Christie, 1992). Additionallly, scores on brief, standardized, dynamic hazard perception tests (HPTs) have been associated with collision involve- ∗ Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. E-mail address: scialfa@ucalgary.ca (C.T. Scialfa). ment (Deery, 1999; McKenna and Crick, 1991 Quimby and Watts, 1981). Although the body of literature on hazard perception has grown considerably over the past several decades, theoretical treatment of its development and manifestation has been relatively sparse. Several authors have discussed the “mental model” that is required for efficient hazard perception (Underwood et al., 2002; Scialfa et al., 2011), which is deficient in novice drivers and those with a greater propensity for collisions. More recent treatments (e.g., Vaa, 2013) incorporate hazard perception as the result of stimulus-driven and experience-based inputs that combine with emotional states and task goals to influence driving behaviors, including the allocation of attention and scanning that sub-serve safe driving. Many of these elements are central to the Salience, Effort, Expectancy and Value (SEEV) model, which asserts that the allocation of visual attention to an area of interest, such as a hazard, is dependent on those factors (Horrey et al., 2006). In the continuously changing driving environment, there are multiple areas and stimuli to which drivers must attend in order to detect hazards. Within the SEEV model, experience provides the driver with an expectancy of the location of potential hazards and their associated value (i.e., the consequences of not performing an evasive maneuver). This, in turn, allows the driver to expend less effort to allocate attention appropriately within and around the roadway. Hazard perception is a skill and, as such, develops with and is influenced by practice (Crundall and Underwood, 1998; Crundall et al., 2005; Fisher et al., 2003). Compared to theirmore experienced counterparts, novice drivers are often relatively poor at perceiving on-road hazards (Fisher et al., 2006; McKenna et al., 2006).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Emergency medical services - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergency_medical_services Jump to First responder - Emergency medical services, also known as ambulance services or paramedic services are a type of emergency service ... First responder - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_responder For the emergency medical level of training, see Certified first responder. First responders from St. John Ambulance and fire departments assist paramedics during an exercise outside Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada. A first responder is an employee of an emergency service who is likely to be among the first ... Hazard perception in emergency medical service responders www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001457516302172 by KA Johnston - 2016 - Related articles The perception of on-road hazards is critically important to emergency medical services (EMS) professionals, the patients they transport and the general public. DPHHS honors Emergency Medical Services responders - Montana.gov https://dphhs.mt.gov › About Us › News Releases › 2015 May 21, 2015 - DPHHS honors Emergency Medical Services responders. EMS personnel from Cut Bank, Arlee, Columbus and Missoula receive awards. Protecting Emergency Responders Volume 2: Community Views of Safety ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0833036033 Tom LaTourrette, D. J. Peterson, James T. Bartis - 2003 - Political Science Given these trends, emergency medical service response personnel pointed out ... emergency medical service responders during their discussions with RAND, ... Emergency Medical Services | | Autism Speaks https://www.autismspeaks.org/family-services/autism...responders/emergency-services Emergency Medical Services. Google +. In response to an ... Resources for EMS. Autism Alliance for Local Emergency Responder Training · Autism 101 for EMS EMSWorld.com: EMS Emergency Medical Services-EMT-Paramedic www.emsworld.com/ Our site provides EMS news and training for paramedics, EMTs, firefighters and public safety responders. We serve members of all EMS delivery models ... Searches related to medical service responders emergency medical responder training who are considered first responders first responder certification first responders training what do first responders do first responders definition are nurses first responders first responder salary
