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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
جستجو برای سفر القاء شده: از میان برداشتن تنگنا اتوبان و اثرات بعدی در حجم راه آهن و آزادراه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Searching for induced travel: Elimination of a freeway bottleneck and subsequent effects on rail and freeway volumes
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
In the San Francisco Bay Area, the Caldecott Tunnel bottleneck on State Route (SR) 24 had long been a flashpoint for frustrated drivers. At that specific location the eight lane freeway dropped to just six lanes passing through the three two-lane tunnel bores. The reversal of the center bore back and forth to give the peak direction four lanes, once thought to be innovative, was increasingly failing to accommodate off-peak demand with only one bore and two lanes. In November 2013, a fourth tunnel bore was completed by the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) allowing each direction to have four lanes throughout the day for the first time. Due to the topography of the area, the Caldecott Tunnel is the only reasonable crossing through the Berkeley Hills for a significant distance on either side. Prior to the opening of the fourth bore, reverse commuters were either faced with congestion at the tunnel entrance from the lane drop or if their jobs were within a reasonable walking distance from transit, ride the Bay Area Rapid Transit system (BART). BART also passes through the Berkeley Hills at a similar location and offers congestion free travel from Oakland to expanding job centers in Eastern Contra Costa County. Although BART was originally designed to take commuters into San Francisco and Oakland, ridership had increased in the opposite direction, corresponding with the increased congestion at the reverse commute bottleneck on SR 24. The completion of the fourth bore, removing a mature freeway bottleneck, offered researchers a unique opportunity to view the onset of short-term induced travel and study the changes in mode choice among reverse commuters who may have previously taken BART to avoid freeway congestion. Again, since the topography of the Berkeley Hills makes it quite hard for travelers on that particular commute to go any other way, it might be possible to observe a modal switch from rail transit (BART) to the automobile. Here, perhaps, we might see whether there is measurable shortterm induced travel in a case where there exists a functional alternate mode; this case is not the situation of a typical freeway widening in a vacuum. In this case study, will commuters conduct a modal switch? Will more travelers use their personal vehicles?
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کلمات کلیدی:
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