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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
روش نقشه مفهومی و تحقیقات جامعه متعهد: یک جفت مناسب
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Concept mapping methodology and community-engaged research: A perfect pairing
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Concept mapping (CM) is a research methodology that is uniquely suited to engage many types of communities in broad aspects of research from project set-up to data collection to interpreting results to dissemination of results (Burke et al., 2005; Walker, Jones, & Burke, 2014). Since Trochim’s 1989 article where he outlines the refinement of CM as a research methodology, CM has been applied in numerous fields and various contexts (Behar & Hydaker, 2009) and has received growing attention as a participatory research method useful for community health (Burke et al., 2005). An increasing number of research studies of health topics have utilized the methodology for exploring complex health issues in various communities [i.e., cancer screening (Ahmad, Mahmood, Pietkiewicz, McDonald, & Ginsburg, 2012), strategies to increase physical activity (Kelly, Baker, Brownson, & Schootman, 2007), youth development programs (Urban, 2008), health disparities (Risisky et al., 2008), obesity and bullying interventions for youth (Vaughn, Jacquez, & McLinden, 2013), strategies to address HIV/AIDS (Abdul-Quader & Collins, 2011; Szaflarski, Vaughn, McLinden, Wess, & Ruffner, in press), and immigrant experiences (Haque & Rosas, 2010)]. However, to date, there has been no review of peer-reviewed CM literature in health research across the continuum of community engagement in terms of application and methodological challenges. How “community” is defined in community-engaged approaches to research can be a point of much confusion. The most basic definition is “those who have a shared unit of identity” and describes community as an expansive and inclusive concept (Burke et al., 2013). For example, under this definition, patients with a shared experience (e.g. seniors living with chronic pain) areconsidered a community. In addition, those who live in the same neighborhood or geographic location are considered a community. Communities can be affluent or disadvantaged, small or large. The word “stakeholder” may sometimes be used interchangeably or simultaneously with “community” in research. A stakeholder may be part of a community, or an entire community may be considered a stakeholder. As Burke et al. note, defining who a stakeholder is in research is difficult—there is no standard definition and definitions range widely (2013). In research, and in CM, it is necessary to define community and/or the range of stakeholders to be included at the onset of the project. Community engagement and participation in research can be considered to occur along a continuum (Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium (CTSA) & Comunity Engagement Key Function Committee Task Force on the Principles of Community Engagement, 2011; Winer & Ray, 2000). Depending on the project and the stakeholders, community engagement in research varies in the community’s level of involvement, decision-making about project design and process, and communication. The continuum ranges from outreach (some involvement, one-way communication) to consultation (more involvement, two-way communication, connections), to involvement (participatory communication, partnership), to collaboration (community involvement, partnership/ trust building), to shared leadership (strong bi-directional relationship, joint decision-making, trust) (Clinical and Translational Science Awards Consortium (CTSA) & Comunity Engagement Key Function Committee Task Force on the Principles of Community Engagement, 2011). Another model of participation in research is comprised of four modes: contractual (people in the community are contracted to take part in researchers’ experiments); consultative (people in the community are asked for their opinions by researchers); collaborative (researchers work with the community on projects that are researcher-driven and designed); to collegiate (researchers work with the community as colleagues in a process of mutual learning with the research process driven and controlled by the community) (Biggs, 1989). On the partnership, collegiate, and shared decision-making end of the continuum lies community-based participatory research (CBPR). CBPR is a collaborative approach to research that equitably involves all partners, including researchers and community members, in all aspects of the research process (Blumenthal, 2011; Israel et al., 2005; Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008). Over the past decade, it has become increasingly apparent that a CBPR approach is critical to the translation of research findings into action and practice (Wallerstein & Duran, 2010). Though often incorrectly classified, CBPR is not actually a specific research method. Rather, CBPR is an approach to research that seeks to empower communities and stakeholders as partners in the entire research process, from idea generation and data collection to dissemination and implementation of research findings (Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008). CBPR stands in stark contrast to many traditional research approaches which are researcher-driven and lack shared decision making with community partners (Minkler & Wallerstein, 2008; Szaflarski & Vaughn, 2014). Compared to research that is conducted on the community by outsiders (usually well-intentioned academic researchers), CBPR emphasizes coresearch, empowerment and capacity building, partnership, and bi-directional leadership and decision-making in collaboration with communities who have traditionally had little input to the research process (Vaughn, 2015). In CBPR, the community members are viewed as valuable experts instead of being seen as disinterested or unqualified to partner in research due to lack of formal research training (Vaughn, 2015). Community members have unique insights that should be used to enhance our understanding of a given phenomenon. Involving community members from the start of a research project also helps to ensure that the data collected reflects their lived experiences and can be effectively translated into practice (Jagosh et al., 2012). According to Burke, Trauth, and Albert (2014) “when appropriate, based on the intent of the project, enhanced community inclusion into the research process can enrich a study” (p. 14). Many studies use the nomenclature of CBPR and community-engaged research. However, there is wide variability in the extent to which the community serves as a reciprocal partner with the academic researchers (Jacquez, Vaughn, & Wagner, 2013). In addition, the confusion is amplified due to terms that are often used synonymously in the literature—community-based participatory research, action research, citizen science, community-engaged research, community-partnered research, participatory action research, and participatory research (Jacquez et al., 2013; Jagosh et al., 2012; Viswanathan et al., 2004). See Table 1 for definitions of these related terms. CM is uniquely suited to directly engage multiple types of community members at each step of the process “so that they become research collaborators, contributing more than responses to questions” (Burke et al., 2005, p. 1394). Beginning with the preparation step in CM, community members can be partners who share leadership with researchers to define the community/ appropriate stakeholders and decide on a focus prompt that will answer the research questions and fulfill project aims. In the subsequent steps of CM, community members can collect, organize, analyze, interpret and prioritize data. Stakeholders can provide data in both individually and in group settings. The visual representations of CM data (e.g. point maps, cluster maps, pattern
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کلمات کلیدی:
Community-Engaged Research (CEnR) | Regulatory Foundations ... https://catalyst.harvard.edu/programs/regulatory/cenr.html Community-engaged research centers around fostering collaborations with and among groups of people affiliated by geographic proximity, special interest, ... [PDF]Community-engaged research - CITI Program https://www.citiprogram.org/citidocuments/.../comm-engaged-research-4.pdf community-engaged approach and Community-based Participatory. Research (CBPR). Section 3 describes how the community-engaged approach to research. People also ask What is community engagement in research? What is a community research? What is a community engagement? What is a participatory action research study? Feedback What is Community-Engaged Research? www.community.vcu.edu/faculty-support-/.../what-is-community-engaged-research/ Community engaged research (CEnR) is a collaborative process between the researcher and community partner that creates and disseminates knowledge and ... Concept Mapping Methodology and Community-Engaged Research https://www.researchgate.net/.../307620842_Concept_Mapping_Methodology_and_Co... Feb 1, 2017 - Concept mapping methodology as refined by Trochim et al. is uniquely suited to engage communities in all aspects of research from project ... [PDF]Principles of Community Engagement - Agency for Toxic Substances ... https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/communityengagement/pdf/PCE_Report_508_FINAL.pdf Chapter 5: Challenges in Improving Community Engagement in Research 107 ..... 6 explores this approach to understanding a community in greater depth. Searches related to methodology and community-engaged research community engaged research vs community based participatory research principles of community engaged research principles of community engagement 2nd edition engaged research definition community engaged research uc merced community based research questions community based research examples continuum of community research
