دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تکنولوژی هوشمند بازی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
استفاده از تکنولوژی و استاندارد سازی: بازی تغییر استراتژی در زمینه تکنولوژی اندازه هوشمند
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Technology users and standardization: Game changing strategies in the field of smart meter technology
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
3. Smart metering
in Europe Smart metering is a novel technology primarily used in the electricity sector. Smart meters are installed in residential and commercial buildings for a variety of functions including remote metering, network monitoring, load management, flexible pricing, energy saving or integration of distributed electricity production (Depuru et al., 2011; Farhangi, 2010). Smart meter communication standards are essential as they define the rules for information exchange between meters, data concentrators and back-end systems and the underlying communication technology (Erlinghagen et al., 2015). As of 2013, more than 60 million smart meters were installed in Europe, which means that about every 4th household is equipped with a smart meter (European Commission, 2014).3 Diffusion of smart meter technology varies significantly across countries. Italy, Sweden, and Finland already exhibit diffusion rates close to a 100% and in Denmark, Spain, France and the UK smart meter installations are well under way with rates between 10 and 50% (Colak et al., 2015; Covrig et al., 2014). The diffusion of smart meter technology is – to quite some extent – driven by regulation. The EU targets an 80% penetration of smart meters in European households by 2020 (European Commission, 2009). Since 2000, different smart meter standards have been developed and diffused in Europe. Fig. 1 shows their cumulative diffusion until 2013 and a projection4 until 2020. Telegestore (today Meters&More) was the first. In 2013, it was the standard with the largest installed base (cf. Fig. 1). Five further smart meter standards (LON, PLAN, GSM, Kamstrup RF and Meshnet) were developed and applied in the early 1 years of smart metering. So far, they have not diffused widely. More recently, another four standards (Prime, G3, SMETS and FNN) have been developed and will be deployed in significant numbers.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Information Technology Standards and Standardization: A Global ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1930708602 Jakobs, Kai - 1999 - Computers What was in common for all four major groups of technology's users, is that they were foreseeing a new standard to be built on the existing telecommunications ... Minority language standardisation and the role of users | SpringerLink link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10993-014-9342-y by P Lane - 2015 - Cited by 9 - Related articles Dec 4, 2014 - STS has investigated standardisation of technologies (Bowker and Star 2000) and the reflexive relationship between standards and users ... Publications of the National Institute of Standards and Technology ... https://books.google.com/books?id=bZ3E4rXf1AMC National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.) - 1991 - Government publications The conclusions of the NIST study are based on information gathered by NIST from pertinent scientific literature, and interviews with 3480 type technology users ... [PDF]Standardization - Dell www.dell.com/downloads/global/solutions/idc_standard.pdf IDC's new research of standardization in technology underscores its early research and call to action for users to migrate sooner for greater ROI. The research ... Standardization - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standardization Standardization or standardisation is the process of implementing and developing technical standards based on the consensus of different parties that include firms, users, interest groups, standards organizations and ..... The negative effects of standardization on technology have to do with its tendency to restrict new ...
