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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تلفیق فناوری: شناسایی و تجزیه و تحلیل محرکان همگرایی تکنولوژی با استفاده از داده های ثبت اختراع
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Technology fusion: Identification and analysis of the drivers of technology convergence using patent data
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Research background
2.1. Previous literature on technology fusion Two main research streams are distinguishable in the literature on technology fusion: work focusing on the theoretical aspects, and empirical case study exploration of specific fields and firmand industry-level data analysis. A number of studies in the first stream focus on the theoretical definition of convergence (e.g., Kodama, 1992; Hacklin, 2007). In particular, Curran (2013) organizes work on convergence starting from the definition and the usage of associated terms. He defines convergence (or fusion) as: “a blurring of boundaries between at least two hitherto disjoint areas of science, technology, markets or industries; [it creates] a new (sub-)segment […] as a merger of (parts of) the old segments” (Curran, 2013, p. 22). Curran (2013) notes also the terms “convergence” and “fusion” have slightly different meanings. The former refers to a process in which two elements move towards a new common place; the latter implies that the two elements merge “in the very same place of at least one of the objects”. Similar to Curran, this study uses these two terms interchangeably but highlights their difference if relevant to the analysis. Among prior theoretical studies, the work of Pennings and Puranam (2001) is important because it paved the way to further research on the development of strategic and policy implications related to convergence. Pennings and Puranam’s analytical framework distinguishes between demand side and supply side convergence. The latter is related to technological functionality, the former is associated with the contemporary satisfaction of different needs based on different technological capabilities which converged to become similar. Several authors have built on their seminal study. Bröring (2005) identifies additional categories such as “technology-driven input-side convergence” evolving from new technologies applied across different industries, and “market-driven output-side convergence” which occurs when customers start to consider products from different industries in a similar way (e.g., nutrients, dietary supplements, and herbal products included in the category of common food products). In the framework of evolutionary economics, Hacklin (2007) splits the process of convergence into four stages: knowledge, technology, application, and industry convergence. Curran (2013) notes the non-linearity of the process and suggests to consider the four stages as loci of convergence: science, technology, markets, and industries. This research is centered on the “technology” locus which corresponds to the supply side in Pennings and Puranam’s (2001) framework and is motivated by the lack of work on technology convergence highlighted by Kim and Kim (2012). Furthermore, the paucity of data on convergence between two technologies and the lack of an agreed indicator of interdisciplinarity limit the analysis of technology fusion (No and Park, 2010; Kim and Kim, 2012). Some empirical analyses of convergence employ concept frameworks, case studies or companylevel data, in specific technological fields, to provide insights into corporate diversification. Hence, a broader wider approach to provide complementary evidence and extend work at the technology level is needed. The main contribution of the present study is twofold: to propose a method to identify technology convergence at system level relying on patent data and then to analyze the drivers of technology fusions.
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