دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تولید رفاه اجتماعی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
کارایی در تولید رفاه اجتماعی در مکزیک: پیشنهاد در کنار خروجی های بد
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Efficiency in the generation of social welfare in Mexico: A proposal in the presence of bad outputs
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
3. Data and variables
To apply the methodology described above, to evaluate the efficiency in generating social welfare, the good and bad outputs and the inputs had to be defined for each HDI dimension (education, income and health). The indicators usually used to calculate the HDI were taken as good outputs; that is, GDP per capita, literacy, and life expectancy at birth. Proxy variables for the inequity in each dimension were considered as the bad outputs. The variables chosen were education gap for the education dimension, lack of access to health services for the health dimension, and capability poverty for the income dimension. In the Mexican case, the Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy) [25] considers these variables as the best to represent the existence of poverty and inequality in the country, following a theoretical discussion about the multivariate concept of poverty, which took shape in the General Law for Social Development in Mexico [35]. The variable of education gap reflexes the people between 3 and 15 years who do not have basic education and not attend to a formal education center; the lack of access to health services variable denote people who have no affiliation or right to receive medical services from any institution; and the capability poverty implies the number of people whose income does not allow them access to a basic basket of goods and services [113,118,18,25,4,5,60,64,71,87]. The study period of this research is 2010, however, to collect in a better way the longitudinal impact of the inputs on the outputs, we took the average value of 20 years (1990–2010) for each inputs.4 The information on these variables was obtained from the statistical databases of the Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (Mexican National Institute of Statistics, Geography and Informatics) [50–58], the Secretaría de Educación Pública (Secretary of Public Education) [102,103], the Secretaría de Salud (Secretary of Health) (2013a-b), the Consejo Nacional de Población y Vivienda (National Population and Housing Council) [24], the Banco de México (Bank of Mexico) [11], the Secretaría de Hacienda y Crédito Público (Ministry of Finance and Public Credit) [104], the Consejo Nacional de Evaluación de la Política de Desarrollo Social (National Council for the Evaluation of Social Development Policy) [26] and the UNDP Human Development Reports for Mexico [113,117].
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