دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تلاش های تجاری محدودیت مربوط به فقرا از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تلاش های تجاری، فرصت ها و محدودیت های مربوط به فقرا: مطالعه موردی برزیل
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Business efforts, opportunities, and limits addressing the poor: A Brazilian case study
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. How business can foster peace in poor communities
2.1. Violence and poverty Violence and poverty are intrinsically related. Poverty is widely believed to cause violence. The World Bank Development Report contends that ‘‘when state institutions do not adequately protect citizens, guard against corruption, or provide access to justice; when markets do not provide job opportunities; or when communities have lost social cohesion, the likelihood of violent conflict increases’’ (World Bank, 2011, p. xi). However, it is inaccurate to say that poverty causes violence. Though it is sometimes posited as a causal reason for violence, current research does not support the claim. Sen (2008) argues that claiming poverty to be responsible for violence is an oversimplification and that many other factors, including political,social, and cultural circumstances, explain the highly complex nature of violence. One of the two reasons given for the link between poverty and violence isthat, ifthe questfor material resources is desperate, one might resort to violence in order to feed oneself and one’s family. A second reason given is that areas with great poverty tend to have few jobs and that those without jobs are more prone to the overtures of those who wish to direct their ample time and unused energy for violent ends. Furthermore, contemporary communications allow even the very poorto see just how much more people elsewhere possess (Fort, 2007b; Fort & Schipani, 2004). Oxfam (2014) concludes that it is impossible to eradicate poverty without eradicating violence, since violence is both the cause and effect of poverty. 2.2. Business in the context of violence and poverty Eradicating violence and eradicating poverty are the greatest global challenges. Business can play a significantrole in reducing violence and simultaneously reducing poverty. Fort and a colleague argue that ethical business behavior can lead to peace rather than violent conflicts (Fort, 2007a, 2007b, 2007c; Fort & Schipani, 2004). For example, business can foster sustainable peace by engaging in initiatives that promote economic development, enhance the credibility and legitimacy of the rule of law, and contribute to a sense of community among the stakeholders (Getz & Oetzel, 2009; Oetzel, Getz, & Ladek, 2007). Business can help promote economic development and integrate the poor in the formal value chain, as suggested by Prahalad (2006) in his work on the base of the pyramid. Prahalad has challenged the assumption that the poor constitute a nonexistent market for most businesses. There is profit potential if businesses can tailor their processes, packaging, and products so that goods and services become affordable to the poor (Prahalad & Hammond, 2002), although some skeptics have noted, not without validity, that selling products to the poor may simply exploit them (Manikutty, 2010). There have been creative efforts to coax the poor into the market. The work of Yunus and Jolis (2003) helped to energize the boom of microfinance that advocated small loans to the poor, especially poor women, so they could enter the market. In addition, the work of Sen (1999) noted the importance of development in terms not only of satisfying material needs but also in removing barriers to human talents so that capabilities otherwise languishing under the violence of poverty could flourish.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Macao Business and Investment Opportunities Yearbook Volume 2 Gaming ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1577519752 IBP. Inc. - 2011 - Business & Economics During the review period, although exports under the CEPA increased significantly, more efforts are needed to fully realize the opportunities under the CEPA ... How to Keep Your Top Talent - Harvard Business Review https://hbr.org/2010/05/how-to-keep-your-top-talent One in three admits to not putting all his effort into his job. ... their effort, and looking for new employment opportunities—has more than doubled, from 8% in the ... Selecting the Best Business Process Improvement Efforts - iSixSigma https://www.isixsigma.com/.../selecting-best-business-process-improvement-efforts/ A business process improvement (BPI) effort is a systematic approach to .... Opportunities that require high effort and offer low benefits are the less desirable. Searches related to Business efforts, opportunities business opportunity example types of business opportunities what are five things to consider when evaluating a business opportunity? identification and evaluation of business opportunity what is business opportunity in entrepreneurship small business opportunity evaluating business opportunity methods identification of business opportunities in entrepreneurship
