دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تفکیک نانوذرات هسته از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تفکیک نانوذرات هسته - پوسته سیاه کربن ساختار یافته از لاستیک زباله های تجزیه در اثر حرارت نور
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Separation of core-shell structured carbon black nanoparticles from waste tires by light pyrolysis
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
There are billions of rubber-based tires that are produced worldwide each year. However, there are still limited sustainable approaches to address the vast amount of waste tires [1e4]. Often, waste tires are buried into landfills as scrap, but these unavoidably cause a series of issues related to environment, economy, land management, health and safety [5,6]. Reclaiming and pyrolysis are regarded as more economical and sustainable methods to dispose of waste tire rubbers compared to landfilling. During the reclaiming process, the covalently crosslinked rubber structure can be destroyed, along with partially broken polymer chains under the combined thermal, mechanical and chemical energy [7,8]. The reclaimed tire rubbers are then reprocessable, and can be re-shaped and vulcanized for new products. The reclaiming or devulcanization of tire rubbers is generally performed at elevated temperatures above 200 C. Lower temperature devulcanization is also attractive because of the reduction of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and less energy consumption [9]. Pyrolysis of waste tires is generally conducted at 400e700 C in an inert gas atmosphere, which converts rubber tires to activated carbon, pyrolytic carbon black (CBp), pyro-oil and pyro-gas [10e13]. Undri et al. [14] obtained a relatively small ash content of 5.9e9.5 wt% in the char by using microwave pyrolysis of waste tires. Low temperature pyrolysis could reduce the energy cost but the properties of the reclaimed CBp were not competitive to those of commercial carbon black [15]. Yamazaki et al. [16] converted waste tires to lower molecular weight (Mn ¼ 10,000) polymers at 300 C under an air or nitrogen atmosphere. The low molecular weight polymers could be transformed into natural rubber-based grafted copolymers via copolymerization with various vinyl monomers. A twin-screw extrusion at 300 C [17] was introduced to reclaim waste tires in a continuous, safe and clean process. The reclaimed rubber had a low viscosity, good compatibility with natural rubber, re-crosslinking capability and low cost. Therefore, a processing temperature in the range from 250 C to 400 C is feasible to scissor the primary chains of rubbers and largely break the threedimensional covalent-bonding network of waste tires. However, the emission of VOC is severe at such high temperature, which strictly limits their applicability. Waste tires are generally composed of styrene-butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, natural rubber, fillers such as carbon black and silica, curatives, plasticizers and other additives. Bound rubber is a key element in carbon black reinforced tire rubbers. It exists as a complex and stable layer around single particles and agglomerates [21e23], which is formed through the interactions between polymer-polymer and carbon black-polymer during the
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کلمات کلیدی:
Novel core–shell structured superparamagnetic microspheres ... xlink.rsc.org/?DOI=c3ta15233b by R Yi - 2014 - Cited by 23 - Related articles In this work, core–shell structured superparamagnetic microspheres with highly ... Reversible magnetic separation could be accomplished within 15 seconds. Novel Core–Shell Structured Mn–Fe/MnO2 ... - ACS Publications pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/ie502967a by J Chen - 2014 - Cited by 9 - Related articles Nov 7, 2014 - structured adsorbents with a magnetically responsive core and a functional shell have the combined advantages of magnetic separation and ... Internal Structure of Core−Shell Latex Particles Studied by ... pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/la9509357 by E Pérez - 1996 - Cited by 22 - Related articles to observe a separation between the donor- and acceptor-labeled PBMA chains inside the particles. .... core-shell structure for these particles.15 High-resolution. Recent progress in the study of core-shell-structured materials with ... www.hgjz.com.cn/EN/abstract/abstract17141.shtml Abstract Core-shell-structure MOFs materials became a hot spot in the field of ... Key words： metal-organic frameworks core/shell adsorption separation catalysts ... Core/shell Structured Magnetic Nanoparticles Synthesized by Inert ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0549181342 Abdullah Ceylan - 2007 - Condensation ... it is therefore tempting to speculate that in such core-shell systems there may be a boundary field separating the two regions where the magnetic response, ...
