دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تعیین سطح لکه دار سنگ آهک از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
رویکرد تشخیصی برای تعیین سطح لکه دار و کهنه سنگ آهک
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Diagnostic approach for quantifying the soiling level and the aging of limestone façade
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Wall cladding is a nonstructural material used for the exterior surface of buildings, which protects the other building components against moisture or other severe environmental factors. It adds an aesthetic appeal to buildings [1]. Thus appropriately, degraded and unappealing buildings leave poor impressions on customers, visitors and the majority of people. Subsequently, a building façades appearance sets the tone; allowing for first impressions, and further affecting the aesthetic appeal of the whole built environment. Therefore, periodic façade cleaning is a vital task which will lengthen the life of a building, preserve the exterior surface and improve its value [2]. Natural white limestone is widely utilized in buildings as an exterior cladding of façades in Amman, the capital of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. It is considered as one of the most important cladding materials giving Amman its individual architectural identity. The quality of limestone should fulfill the necessary requirements in terms of strength, hardness, durability, color and porosity. Further, limestone has the advantage of being reusable, in such a way that it can be used in road construction or as new aggregate material in concrete construction once its use as a stone cladding has been reached. Limestone cladding is an environmentally friendly material; it has a cradle to cradle life cycle. Reusing limestone reduces the need for virgin natural resources, hence preserving the environment. A flow diagram depicting the life cycle of limestone building cladding is shown in Fig. 1. This study will concentrate on the environmental impacts effecting limestone cladding during its service life phase. During this phase, a building façades cladding may become contaminated by air pollution, evidently effecting it through depositing dust and loose materials thus staining it with an unpleasant dark color. Furthermore, air pollution may cause the rain to become acidic. The acidic nature of the rain can cause major damage to limestone façades over time. Air and rain in addition to soiling processes including biological and non-biological deposits, may be considered as main contributing factors in limestone façade deterioration. A combination of physical and biological processes significantly increase the degree of decay [3]. The rate of deterioration or soiling can be related also to the type of voids and surface texture. Soiling also depends on the rainfall conditions, which could influence both particle deposition and removal from stone surfaces [4]. The level of contamination may affect the visual appearance of the building and its durability. Evidently, assistance in cleaning it is necessary, whether that be to increase aesthetic appeal or for maintenance purposes.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Diagnostic approach for quantifying the soiling level and the aging of ... iranarze.ir/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/E3672.pdf Diagnostic approach for quantifying the soiling level and the aging of limestone façade. Iqbal Marie. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, ... Diagnostic approach for quantifying the soiling level and the aging of ... https://www.infona.pl/.../bwmeta1.element.elsevier-52286d1c-7718-358c-806b-4cd411... by I Marie - 2016 - Related articles Finally, correlations between limestone hardness and Environmental impacts are drawn based on the soiling level or age of the façade. The results obtained ... AN EVALUATION OF SURFACE HARDNESS OF NATURAL AND ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0459.2009.00362.x/abstract by V GUPTA - 2009 - Cited by 7 - Related articles Sep 15, 2009 - ABSTRACT. Four rock types (quartz mica gneiss, schist, quartzite and calc-silicate) located in the Satluj and Alaknanda valleys were used to ... اقبال عبدالکریم محمود مرعی - الجامعة الهاشمیة staff.hu.edu.jo/Published_Researchs_a.aspx?id=3lveVicZH1U= Translate this page Perception of Darkening of Stone Façades and the Need for Cleaning ... for Quantifying the Soiling Level and the Aging of Limestone Façade, Journal of ... Measurements of soiling and colour change using outdoor ... - CiteSeerX citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.955.92&rep=rep1&type... by MJ THORNBUSH - Cited by 13 - Related articles (building) scale necessary for assessments of soiling affecting decisions of maintenance and ... ing of the southern façade, which was darker in 2005 (with a lower level of lightness), especially at the east elevation. ... limestone and dolostone, in the urban environments ... tened with ageing; whereas, untreated samples dark-. Photographic Surveys of Building Exteriors in Central Oxford, UK ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15583050903131355?mobileUi=0 Jun 11, 2010 - The emphasis is on identifying visible change (at the façade scale) .... types of weathering features and soiling visible on limestone ashlar .... Oxford Airwatch 2004) show steady levels of air pollution (9a–c). .... In the current study, browning was common with aging of the limestone due to the development of ... [PDF]assessing the cleaning methods on the limestone facades in ... - CSIC digital.csic.es/bitstream/10261/7783/1/Assessing_Abstract_Orleans_2007.pdf LIMESTONE FAÇADES IN THE FORMERLY WORKERS. HOSPITAL OF ... wall, as it is the area that presents the highest soiling levels (Figure 1). For the techniques .... by water repellents after three-year ageing period in urban conditions. Black soiling of an architectural limestone during two-year term ... - NCBI https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22153605 by M Urosevic - 2012 - Cited by 21 - Related articles Dec 5, 2011 - A two-year term aging test was carried out on a building limestone under different urban conditions in the city of Granada (Southern Spain) to ...
