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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تعامل نوآوری و استاندارد سازی: بررسی ارتباط در کشورهای در حال توسعه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Interplay of innovation and standardization: Exploring the relevance in developing countries
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Contextualizing the relationship between innovation and standardization
2.1. The relationship: innovation and standardization, a paradox revisited Literature on the innovation-standardization nexus reports that the relationship between the two may occur in two directions; standards and standardization contribute to the creation and the diffusion of innovation (Goluchowicz and Blind, 2011; Tassey, 2000). First, in line with the more traditional view, standards and standardization facilitates the diffusion of innovation. Standards as a set of technical specifications constitute a shared basis of advanced technological knowledge, refined in an easily transferrable form for a widespread adoption (Allen and Sriram, 2000). Standardization as a process of standards development offers critical junctures to build a focus of an emerging technology, which in turn facilitates the diffusion of innovation by increasing the economies of scale and the network benefits (Swann, 2000). Blind (2002) also recognizes the significance of de jure standardization as a diffusion channel of innovation. Second, standardization is considered an increasingly important tool to drive innovation in an extended process that encompasses both the creation and implementation of innovation. This view, challenging the traditional perception of standards as being obstructive to innovation due to the “technologyfreezing” characteristic, focuses on how standards can seamlessly connect and coordinate the innovation process, which is often laden with complexity and uncertainty. Notably, Blind and Gauch (2009) show how different types of standards facilitate innovation in particular stages of the R&D process. In extension to the latter perspective that acknowledges the role of standards through the entire process of innovation, Blind (2013a) identifies four types of standards and their effects on innovation. Even though he cautions that a standard does not necessarily serve a single function and thus does not exclusively belong to a single category, his taxonomy according to standards' unique economic functions is useful for theoretical development. They include variety reduction standards, minimum quality standards, compatibility standards, and information standards. Variety reduction standards, by defining specifications of products and services and reducing the production variety, help firms attain economies of scale and critical mass for market success. Minimum quality standards reduce uncertainty and risks coming from the circulation of inferior goods in the market, thereby building consumer trust on new, innovative products. This leads to reduced transaction costs for a broader diffusion. Compatibility standards are central to achieving network externalities and avoiding lock-ins in old technologies. Information standards, by providing a common understanding of technological knowledge among standards users, reduce transaction costs and facilitate trade.2 On the whole, the current body of literature recognizes a positive interplay between innovation and standardization. It highlights how standards and standardization play an increasingly important role in shaping the direction of innovation, which goes beyond the passive role as a conduit of innovation diffusion. However, despite the burgeoning discussion, the fact that these findings are mostly drawn from the experiences of advanced economies significantly limits the applicability in developing countries. Building on these findings, we highlight the context of developing countries in the section following.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Innovation Economics: The Interplay Among Technology Standards ... chicagopaymentssymposium.org/wp-content/.../spulber-jcle-innovation-economics.pdf by DF Spulber - 2013 - Cited by 30 - Related articles The modern approach to Innovation Economics understands that technology standards ... pirical tools that control for the interplay among technology standards, ... Diversity, Standardization and Social Transformation: Gender, ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1409494659 Bram Peper, Lesley McMillan, Dr Max Koch - 2013 - Social Science Table 1.1 Diversity and Standardization: A Heuristic Typology Sources of ... and Standardization in Europe Today Thinking of the interplay between diversity ... at the brink of innovation or in achieving real innovation in the way standardization ... [PDF]Standardization and innovation - ISO https://www.iso.org/iso/standardization_and_innovation.pdf May 5, 2017 - interplay between standardization and innovation within the sector “ Green Buildings ”. Insights from sector experts were complemented by the ... Information Communication Technology Standardization for E-Business ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1605663212 Jakobs, Kai - 2009 - Medical Many examined the public interest implications of standards and the strategic role ... that innovation requires some form of interplay between supply and demand ...
