دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تصادف شریان شهری از سایت الزویر


عنوان فارسی مقاله:

اثر قوس های افقی در تصادفات شریان شهری


عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:

Effect of horizontal curves on urban arterial crashes


سال انتشار : 2016



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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:

1. Introduction

Chapter 12 of the Highway Safety Manual (HSM), 2010 contains crash prediction models for urban arterials. These mathematical models that predict the expected number of crashes for these highway facilities (highway segments and intersections) use several highway/intersection characteristics, but not horizontal curvature. Each of these models has a Safety Performance Function (SPF) and several Crash Modification Factors/Functions (CMFs). The SPF is part of the prediction model that estimates the expected number of crashes for the site if the site features are of certain conditions (called the “base conditions”). The SPFs in the HSM models are functions of the AADT (or AADTs of all intersecting approaches, if the site is an intersection) and the length (if the site is a segment). The effects of other features of the site, if different from base conditions, are considered through the CMFs. Chapter 12 of the 1st Edition of the HSM includes five crash prediction models for urban arterials based on the number of lanes in these highways. These models do not have any CMF for horizontal curvature, meaning that the effect of horizontal curvature on these types of highways is not captured in the models. The goal of this research was to show that the effect of horizontal curvature on crashes on some types of these highways is significant, and to derive a CMF for this characteristic. HSM crash prediction models are developed and cross validated using data from a few States/regions. For these models to be used for other regions or even the same regions but for different periods the models need to be calibrated. This calibration is conducted by calculating the ratio of the observed crashes for the most recent years for a number of sites with similar features to the number of crashes that is predicted for those sites for the same period by the model. This ratio is called calibration factor for that model and is used for adjusting the model prediction for that State/region for near future years. The Washington State data for urban arterials segments was used in this study. The data was comprised of highway segment features and crash data over four years (2007–2010). This data – obtained from the FHWA HSIS Laboratory – was extensively manipulated and analyzed. The 2007–2009 data was used to study the need for considering horizontal curvature in the model and to develop a new CMF for horizontal curvature if the effect of this highway feature is found significant. The 2010 data was used to validate the proposed CMFs within the framework of the current HSM models. In this validation effort, the observed numbers of crashes of 2010 were compared to the predictions of the HSM models with and without the proposed CMFs.



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کلمات کلیدی:

Urban Street Design & Planning: - Page 125 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1845648471 A. Pratelli - 2013 - ‎Technology & Engineering 3.3.2 Crash prediction model for curves Curve accidents data in 34 parts of ... Described model for crash count prediction in curve sections of urban arterial ... [PDF]An analysis of driver behaviour through rural curves: Exploratory ... acrs.org.au/.../TurnerB%20052%20An%20analysis%20of%20driver%20behaviour%2... Oct 14, 2015 - figures for fatal crashes, including those outside urban areas in many .... subjects travelling 13 km along an urban arterial route to the start of the. [PDF]The relationship between urban accidents, traffic and ... - WIT Press www.witpress.com/Secure/elibrary/papers/.../9781845648473011FU1.pdf by SA Hossein - ‎2013 - ‎Related articles In this research crash-prediction models for 3 urban arterial highways in. Tehran were ... For curves, crash frequency was found to increase with: AADT, section ... A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, 2011 https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1560515082 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials - 2011 - ‎Business & Economics Superelevation may be provided at curves on urban arterial streets, but the amount ... arterial streets, since operating characteristics can be improved and crash ... Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309117992 Darren J. Torbic - 2009 - ‎Roads Twice as many SVROR crashes occur on rural roads than on urban roads, partly ... they found that 42 percent of the SVROR crashes occurred on curves and 58 ... 2% Urban local road or street, 7% Urban minor arterial, 5% Urban collector, 3% ... [PDF]Urban and Suburban Arterial Safety Performance Functions: Final ... https://www.wsdot.wa.gov/research/reports/fullreports/857.1.pdf Jun 30, 2016 - horizontal curve maximum super elevation (e), curve central angle (delta), ... heterogeneity in the urban-suburban arterial crash context. 17. Improved Safety Information to Support Highway Design https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0309066085 Ronald C. Pfefer, ‎Timothy R. Neuman, ‎R. A. Raub - 1999 - ‎Roads Glennon also notes the importance of superelevation in curves. ... He concludes, however, that, on arterial highways, spiral transitions are not ... Less is known regarding crash frequency related to horizontal alignment on lower speed, urban ...