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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تراکم آتش سوزی انرژی بار برای طراحی مبتنی بر خطر ساختمان پارکینگ
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Fire load energy densities for risk-based design of car parking buildings
سال انتشار : 2015
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Background Currently there is debate in New Zealand regarding the design of steel structure car parks and the use of the time-equivalence calculations to determine appropriate severity for these buildings. Equations for calculating time-equivalence can be found in the New Zealand verification method C/VM2 [1]. These are based on equations from the Eurocode [2], but with an expanded set of factors to allow for adequate consideration of the contributions of different room lining materials [3]. In order to calculate fire severity using a time-equivalence method one of the parameters needed is the fire load energy density (FLED) which is the sum of all the energy available for release when the combustible materials are burned, divided by the total floor area of the compartment. The available energy content can be distinguished into permanent, variable, protected and unprotected loads [4]. Typically an 80th percentile variable fire load is used as a design value when using data from fire load surveys [4,5]. For a car parking building the variable load is essentially the vehicles and the calculation of FLED incorporates any floor areas used for vehicle lanes and ramps, pedestrian walkways, etc. Typically time-equivalence calculations are carried out deterministically with fixed values assigned for FLED, compartment geometry, ventilation conditions, lining materials and the structural material being used for the design. The process considers that the compartment is uniformly heated throughout the fire exposure and for a car park fire scenario this effectively assumes the building is densely populated with vehicles and that they are on fire simultaneously. However in a densely populated car park it is possible that the fire will travel from vehicle to vehicle rather than assuming all are burningsimultaneously. Recent work on travelling fires by Stern-Gottfried et al. [6] has introduced a new methodology using travelling fires to produce more realistic fire scenarios in large, open-plan compartments for structural fire design. SternGottfried et al. examined the impact of FLED on their estimation of the peak structural member temperature. Their results show that local concentrations of dense fuel loads produce long-duration fires and have a significant effect on structural resistance. Alternatively in a sparsely populated car park, fires could be localised, may involve only a small number of cars and, depending on the location of the fire, they could be detrimental to the structure. Thus advanced calculation methods for the design of car parking buildings investigate localised fires of different sizes at different locations in the building and their resulting building structural response [7].
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کلمات کلیدی:
[PDF]Multiple Vehicle Design Fire Scenarios in Car Parking Buildings https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/.../Mohd%20Tohir%2C%20Mohd%20Zahirasri_Final%20PhD... by M Tohir - 2015 fire scenarios for vehicle fires in car parking buildings using probabilistic assessment methods as ... densities for the risk-based design of car parking buildings. [PDF]Parking Standards Design and Good Practice Guide www.uttlesford.gov.uk/CHttpHandler.ashx?id=1212&p=0 standards for Parking in the then County of Essex including Southend on Sea and Thurrock, for ... residential densities and better use of existing previously used land, this together with ..... standards, in a flood risk area underground parking is not advised, ... uses are based on the estimated number of vehicle visits. For trip. A risk-based design methodology for coal mine refuge chamber - IEEE ... ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/6081183/ by X Huang - 2011 - Cited by 2 - Related articles In order to reduce the risks and uncertainties, the paper proposed a risk-based design methodology. Based on the theory of formal safety assessment (FSA), the ... Decision & risk based design structures; decision support needs for ... ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1571509/ by L Meshkat - 2005 - Cited by 1 - Related articles In this paper, we elaborate on the decision support needs during conceptual, concurrent design. For this purpose, we consider the type of decision aids tha. [PDF]EN 1991-1-1 - Eurocodes eurocodes.jrc.ec.europa.eu/doc/WS2008/EN1991_2_Malakatas.pdf Feb 1, 1991 - •Gives design guidance and actions for the structural design of buildings and ... densities of construction materials and stored materials. - self-weight of ... Parapets for Car Parks ... Imposed loads (on buildings) : generally Variable Free actions, ... limited dynamic effects in static structures, if there is no risk of. Water and the City: Risk, Resilience and Planning for a Sustainable ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1136947485 Iain White - 2013 - Political Science Risk, Resilience and Planning for a Sustainable Future Iain White ... Whilst policies to increase urban density may deter the release of new building land ... green space remit, there are many possible areas for unsealing, such as car parks, ... Design features could include the installation of green roofs and other storage ...
