دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین تحلیل آسیب محفظه در چاه نفت از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تجزیه و تحلیل آسیب محفظه دانه مورد استفاده در چاه نفت و گاز
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Damage analysis of choke bean used in an oil–gas well
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Process equipment used in the oil–gas industry relies heavily on various grades of carbon steels and stainless steels as structural materials for several components such as pipes, valves and chokes [1]. An assembly containing such components in addition to spools and fittings is commonly referred to as ‘‘Christmas tree’’ whose primary function is to control the fluid flow into or out of the well by means of chokes, gauges and lines usually referred to as choke manifold. The choke is an orifice installed in the assembly in order to restrict the fluid flow and control the production rate and also create downstream or back pressure [2]. During drilling, a fluid known as the drilling fluid (liquid-based mud) or drilling mud containing additives such as barium sulfate is circulated through the system to remove rock cuttings and bring them to the surface. Another important function of the choke is to control the backflow of the drilling fluid. Chokes used in oil–gas wells are classified into two major types depending upon the operation mode, which can either be adjustable or positive. Adjustable chokes are flexible in that they allow the fluid flow and pressure to be adjusted in accordance with production requirements. In contrast, positive chokes do not provide that flexibility; however, they are more resistant to damage by abrasion or erosion. Adjustable chokes are usually used in large wells while positive chokes are commonly used in small wells. The calibrated opening of the adjustable choke is usually varied in 0.4 mm (1/64 in.) increments known as beans. Since highly abrasive materials pass through the choke at high speed over several years of service, hardened steel or a grade of stainless steel lined with tungsten carbide is used in the application and a grade of carbon steel is used to manufacture the bean adapter. During operation, the chokes among other components of the Christmas tree can become susceptible to degradation by various types of wear [3–9], corrosion [1,5,10] and environmental-assisted cracking [11–13]. Although the terms Christmastree and wellhead are sometimes used interchangeably, the terms refer to separate equipment as illustrated in the photograph of Fig. 1a [2]. A schematic illustrating the Christmas tree showing the location of the choke is shown in Fig. 1b [2]. In the present case, an adjustable choke bean has been used in service at intermittent periods in an oil–gas well. During the last operation, the choke bean has catastrophically failed within the first hour of operation. The components of a choke bean never used in service are shown in the photograph of Fig. 1c. On-site inspection has shown two types of damage at the bottom of the choke as illustrated in Fig. 1c: (i) the choke bean adapter has fractured along the longitudinal direction, which is parallel to the flow direction and (ii) the outer surface of the choke corner body has sustained severe abrasive wear near the bean adapter. According specifications, AISI 1045 carbon steel and 316L stainless steels have been used to manufacture the choke bean adapter and the choke corner body respectively. The internal surface of the choke corner body has been protected by a surface layer of tungsten carbide. A water-based mud has been used as the drilling fluid. The base is an aqueous solution of Ca and Zn bromides and the solids consist of: (i) clays, (ii) organic colloids, (iii) barium sulfate to increase the fluid density and (iv) substances from the formation (region of the oil–gas reservoir) which are incorporated into the mud during drilling [14]. Items received to determine the most probable cause of failure included the failed choke components, a sample of the drilling fluid and as well as a solid mud sample.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Recent Case Studies in Engineering Failure Analysis Articles - Elsevier https://www.journals.elsevier.com/case-studies-in-engineering...analysis/recent-articles The failure analysis of a dissimilar weld in a heat exchanger has been conducted. .... Damage analysis of choke bean used in an oil–gas well. October 2016. bean choke - Schlumberger Oilfield Glossary www.glossary.oilfield.slb.com/Terms/b/bean_choke.aspx A fixed choke used to control the flow of fluids, usually mounted on or close to the Christmas tree. A bean choke contains a replaceable insert, or bean, made ... [PDF]Simulation of Erosion Wear in Choke Valves using CFD - International ... www.ijert.org/download/10421/simulation-of-erosion-wear-in-choke-valves-using-cfd 5000 psi) choke valve as up to 0.24 mm per year for a 50% valve opening. .... Boundary conditions used for the erosion analysis are inlet fluid pressure, inlet ... 375529_FULLTEXT01.pdf - bibsys brage https://brage.bibsys.no/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/.../375529_FULLTEXT01.pdf?...1 by JH Sæther - 2010 - Related articles Jun 14, 2010 - choke valve for optimizing the choke design, choosing the optimal erosion ... are used on topside wells, while cage types are used on subsea wells. ...... 5-6: CFD analysis of a MOV valve with 10% and 100% choke opening . Oil industrial tungsten carbide choke beans / choke bean for oil well ... www.metalmolybdenum.com › Blog Tungsten Carbide Parts - Tungsten Carbide Choke Beans For Tungsten Carbide Choke Beans For Oil ... Damage analysis of choke bean used in an oil–gas… design and fatigue analysis of choke valve body - International Journal ... ijsetr.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/IJSETR-VOL-5-ISSUE-11-3133-3137.pdf Modeling of Component and Fatigue life Analysis. Fatigue occurs ... The Choke valve is used in oil and gas production wells to control the flow of well fluids ... Choke Bean Lined Assembly Definition - Oilfield Glossary - Oil and ... oilgasglossary.com/choke_bean_lined_assembly.html Choke bean lined assembly definition: Material sus 316l stainlees steel with geotona ceramic ... note: ceramic chemical analysis report, stainless steel chemical analysis report, rubber seal ... A choke, used to regulate flow of fluid from a well.
