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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تجزیه و تحلیل کمی پیوند عمده منطقه تترا ساکاریدها در هپارین
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Quantitative analysis of the major linkage region tetrasaccharides in heparin
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Heparin is biosynthesized as a proteoglycan (PG) in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi compartments of granulatedmast cells (Esko & Selleck, 2002; Horner, 1986; Rönnberg & Pejler, 2012). As many as 10 polysaccharide or glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains of approximately 100 kDa are attached to the serine residues of a core protein serglycin, making the heparin PG a macromolecule with a molecular weight of approximately a million (Horner, 1986). These GAG chains are comprised of repeating 1→4-linked sulfated disaccharide units of uronic acid (either -l-iduronic acid (IdoA) or -d-glucuronic acid (GlcA)) and -d-glucosamine (GlcN) residues. Mast cells are involved in the allergic response and, when an allergen bridges two immunoglobulin-type E molecules on the surface of the mast cell, the contents of the granules, including vasoactive amines (i.e., histamine) and heparin are released (Rönnberg & Pejler, 2012). The heparin released from mast cells is not the PG form but is instead a mixture of shorter GAG chains of approximately 16 kDa and peptidoglycosaminoglycan (pG) chains that ∗contain remnants of the core protein as a result of proteolytic processing and the action of heparanase, an endoglucuronosyl hydrolase (Rönnberg & Pejler, 2012;Vlodavsky, Blich, Li, Sanderson, & Ilan, 2013). While the biological functions of heparin are unclear, they are believed to be associated with response to infectious disease, particularly parasitic infections (Kamhi et al., 2013). Heparin, discovered exactly 100 years ago in an extract from canine liver (Linhardt, 1991, 2003), is widely used pharmacologically as an anticoagulant drug and is critical to the practice of modern medicine (Onishi, St.Ange, Dordick, & Linhardt, 2016). Today heparin is prepared on the metric ton scale from porcine intestine, bovine intestine, bovine lung, and ovine intestine, all tissues that are rich in mast cells (Bhaskar et al., 2012; Fu et al., 2013). The process of purification of the raw heparin obtained from animal tissue to a refined pharmaceutical heparin generally involves some harsh chemical steps including base treatment (Bhaskar et al., 2012; Liu & Perlin 1992) and bleaching, through treatment with peracetic acid or hypochlorite, which can introduce structural artifacts (Beccatiet al., 2010; Li et al., 2014). Moreover, today much of the heparin produced in such processes is converted through controlled chemical or enzymatic depolymerization to low molecular weight (LMW) heparins, of approximately 4 kDa to 6 kDa, with improved bioavail
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کلمات کلیدی:
Structure Determination of the Octa- and Decasaccharide Sequences ... www.jbc.org/content/270/39/22914 by K Sugahara - 1995 - Cited by 45 - Related articles Sep 29, 1995 - ... Carbohydrate-Protein Linkage Region of Porcine Intestinal Heparin (*) ... isolated a tetrasaccharide-serine and a hexasaccharide-serine from ... Structural Studies on the Bacterial Lyase-resistant Tetrasaccharides ... www.jbc.org/content/268/7/4780.full.pdf by S Yamada - 1993 - Cited by 83 - Related articles Heparinase/Heparitinases-resistant Tetrasaccharides from Heparin. 4781 observed that besides the linkage region some tetrasaccha- rides derived from the ... Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0781749964 Robert W. Colman - 2006 - Medical In most commercial preparations of heparin, oxidizing agents are used late in the isolation ... Immediately after formation of the linkage region tetrasaccharide, ... Synthesis of Tri-And Tetrasaccharides Present in the Linkage Region ... www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07328309308018538 by M Nilsson - 1993 - Cited by 24 - Related articles Abstract. The methyl glycosides of the the tri-and tetrasaccharides present in the linkage region of heparin, methyl O-( )-(l→3)-O-( )-(l→4)-β-D-xylopyranoside and ... Chemistry and Biology of Heparin and Heparan Sulfate https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0080529054 Hari G. Garg, Robert J. Linhardt, Charles A. Hales - 2011 - Science C. elegans and D. melanogaster have the linkage region tetrasaccharide as in the case of mammalian GAGS (51). The worms have mutations in the genes ... Heparin - A Century of Progress - Page 26 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3642230563 Rebecca Lever, Barbara Mulloy, Clive P. Page - 2012 - Medical Phosphorylation/sulfation of the tetrasaccharide linker may thus be a way of regulating GAG synthesis. Formation of the linkage region is identical in heparin/ ...
