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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
تاثیر روشهای نوآوری کسب و کار بر عملکرد نوآوری SME در اقتصادهای گذار پس از شوروی: مورد بلاروس
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The impact of business innovation modes on SME innovation performance in post-Soviet transition economies: The case of Belarus
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. The debate on the STI/DUI modes of innovation
The STI mode emphasizes the importance of scientific human capital and innovation infrastructure (e.g. public and private R&D organizations and universities). Following the seminal contribution produced by Jensen et al. (2007), human capital involves employees with a PhD in natural sciences or in construction engineering that are involved in innovation projects. Within this view, engineers working in other relevant areas (mechanics, electronics, chemistry) are considered in line with a DUI approach to innovation as their work is based mainly on synthetic knowledge rather than on analytical knowledge (Jensen et al., 2007). A high level of scientific education across the employees increases the firm's absorptive capacity and, consequently, improves the impact of R&D activities (Cohen and Levinthal, 1989; Herstad et al., 2015). The main partners of STI firms are researchers, universities and other research organizations. Although firm, sector and country specificities mediate a differentiated impact of R&D activities and policies, the general accumulation of scientific knowledge through R&D activities is recognized as a main source of increasing returns and a fundamental component of endogenous growth. This has also meaningful implications for policy-making, particularly in the context of complex national or federal systems in which the coordination of innovation policies, and the related policy mix takes place (Vitola, 2015). The DUI mode of innovation is based on non-scientific drivers, namely learning-by-doing, learning-by-using and learning-by-interacting (Jensen et al., 2007). The learning-by-doing introduced by Arrow increases productivity by repeating the same manufacturing operations that lead to experiential learning advantages. Amara et al. (2008) relate learning-by-doing to production and non-productionbased activities, such as promotion and marketing. Repeating market trials and promotion of new or improved goods and services help problem-solving. Rosenberg (1982) argues that learning from user experience and demand in customizing products contributes to innovation and productivity growth. In fact, the use of technologies, machines and equipment facilitates learning-by-using, e.g. acquiring competences by deploying relevant state-of-the-art technology. Interaction with external organizations conduces to the development of innovations (Lundvall, 1988; Ritter and Gemünden, 2004; Fitjar and Rodriguez-Pose, 2013; Alcalde Heras, 2014; Bengtsson and Johansson, 2014). The need to find a solution to specific problems and to respond to specific requests propels SMEs to adopt this type of innovation process (i.e. DUI). The knowledge is often generated from trial-and-error processes, shared mainly through tacit knowledge flows. The STI and DUI modes of innovation are rarely found in pure forms in specific industries; however, industries can be dominated by either the STI or the DUI mode (Chen et al., 2011; Isaksen and Karlsen, 2012a). For example, pharmaceutical and chemical manufacturing industries are dominated by the STI mode, while machinetools, cars, textiles, furniture and mechanical engineering are industries in which the DUI mode is widespread.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Modes of Innovation: A Grounded Meta-Analysis | SpringerLink link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13132-014-0237-0 Dec 19, 2014 - InnovationSTIDUIModes of innovationGrounded theoryMeta-analysis ...... Learning and novelty of innovation in established manufacturing SMEs. ... The impact of business innovation on innovation performance: the case of ... [PDF]Open innovation: a new classification and its impact on firm ... www.open-jim.org/article/download/55/86 by JM Ahn - 2015 - Cited by 18 - Related articles performance; (2) technology and market-oriented OI modes (Joint R&D, user ... positively contribute to performance enhancement; and (3) innovative SMEs ... 2014), and it has become a widely known business strategy in many industries. [PDF]SMEs face a wide range of barriers to innovation - support policy ... - KfW https://www.kfw.de/.../Fokus_No.-130-June-2016-Barriers-to-Innovation.pdf Jun 16, 2016 - Different barriers to innovation predominate in different SME groups, with financing problems affecting primarily small and young. SMEs and businesses pursuing growth strategies. .... Box 1: Two modes of bringing forth innovations ..... Germany's innovation performance remains low despite slight increase. Inbound Open Innovation Activities in High-Tech SMEs: The Impact on ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1540-627X.2012.00354.x/abstract by V Parida - 2012 - Cited by 312 - Related articles Mar 16, 2012 - Journal of Small Business Management ... Prior studies suggest that open innovation activities positively ... We address this research gap by investigating the effects of four inbound open innovation activities on innovation performance of SMEs. ... preferences in informal inbound open innovation modes.
