دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین برنامه مرکز تحقیقات تعاونی استرالیا از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
برنامه مرکز تحقیقات تعاونی استرالیا: دیدگاه تئوری هزینه معامله
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Australia’s Cooperative Research Centre Program: A transaction cost theory perspective
سال انتشار : 2016
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله برنامه مرکز تحقیقات تعاونی استرالیا اینجا کلیک نمایید.
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
. The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) Program
Although it is difficult to pinpoint a single policy intent underpinning the foundation ofthe CRC Program, itis possible to position its beginning within a broader policy context. In 1982, the Australian national research centres program was launched with the objective to create linkages between university and industry, while, from the mid-1980s, university researchers were able for the first time to apply for industry-related research grants. These initiatives coincided with John Dawkins taking over the federal education portfolio in 1987. One of his chief aims was to transform the Australian higher education sector so that it could be internationally competitive in a neo-liberal and increasingly globalised market setting, all the while allowing it to continue offering equitable and accessible education for Australian students. Thus, the CRC Program was one of several measures that took place at the beginning of the era of mass education in Australia. In particular, the government of the day, driven by the thenpopular economic rationalist agenda, aimed to direct research to meet national proprieties and to enable Australian universities to be internationally competitive with those of other OECD countries (Davey and Ware, 2009). In line with this, the Vice-Chancellors’ Committee in 1988 called for an increase in collaborative research and stated that ‘Industry must accept more responsibility for funding research projects and must recognise the value of funding R&D in Australia rather than buying technology from overseas’ (Vice-Chancellors’ Committee, 1988, p. 4). In addition, Dawkins identified a need ‘to promote greater responsiveness within the university sector to both social and industrial needs’ (Department of Employment, 1988, p. 90). In effect, the CRC Program was closely tied to a trend towardsproblem-oriented, cross-disciplinary research centres on an international scale, similar to program such as the United States’ National Science Foundation Engineering Research Centres and the United Kingdom’s Science and Engineering Research Council’s Interdisciplinary Research Centres established in the mid-1980s (Turpin et al., 2011). The Program’s intent was to foster ongoing collaborative research between universities, government research agencies and industry partners (Davey and Ware, 2009), which is still reflected in the current CRC mission ‘to undertake medium- to long-term industry-driven collaborative research’ (CRC n.d.). According to Slatyer (1994), the CRC concept was designed to: (1) consolidate the disparate scientific and technological resources in Australia by creating a system of cross-sector collaborative research centres;(2) overcome the lack of large integrated research teams with targeting funding that allows members to retain separate institutional affiliation; (3) enhance the effective utilisation of research findings by involving research users and focusing on research areas that underpin existing or emerging sectors; and (4) ensure appropriate investment in future scientific and technological resources by an integrated educational program. Some of the Program-specific features include cash and in-kind contributions of CRC participants having to at least match the funds sought from the Program, and the establishment of an institution-independent intermediate management structure (Slatyer, 1994; Turpin et al., 2011). The Program commenced by financing projects broadly affiliated with one of six industries (Manufacturing Technology, Information and Communication Technology, Mining and Energy, Agriculture and Rural-based Manufacturing, Environment; and Medical Science and Technology) with $2 million p.a. from the Department, to be matched by an equivalent amount from university and industry partners for an initial 7 years, with a potential extension (Slatyer, 1994). By 2012, the Australian Government had committed more than $3.4 billion to the Program. During the period 1991–2012, 190 CRCs were funded (Allen Consulting Group, 2012). Table 1 provides an overview of the contributions made over the period 1990–2006. The average size of the government investment in any CRC was $21.5 million, while university and industry participants provided on average a total of $6.6 million in cash and $28.6 million in in-kind contributions (see Table 1).1
برای دانلود رایگان مقاله برنامه مرکز تحقیقات تعاونی استرالیا اینجا کلیک نمایید.
کلمات کلیدی:
CRC Association – CRCs – Bringing knowledge together for the ... https://crca.asn.au/ The Cooperative Research Centres Association is a not-for-profit organisation ... of science, particularly through the Australian Government's CRC Programme. About the CRC Programme – CRC Association https://crca.asn.au/about-the-crc-association/crc-program-australian-government/ CRC Programme logo The Cooperative Research Centres (CRC) Programme is an Australian Government Initiative, funding industry-led collaborations ... Cooperative Research Centre program to continue | Australian ... https://www.science.org.au/news.../cooperative-research-centre-program-continue May 20, 2015 - The Cooperative Research Centre (CRC) program will continue, after the Government accepted all 18 recommendations made in the CRC ... Searches related to Australia’s Cooperative Research Centre Program crc announcement 2017 cooperative research centres crc association crc-p round 4 crc australia crc treaty crc church australia community restorative centre
