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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
وضعیت کنونی غیر قابل قبول: مطالعه موردی ورزش شنا و غرق شدن
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
An unacceptable status quo: A sport development case study of swimming and drownings
سال انتشار : 2015
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
1. A guide from sport development
Sport development primarily focuses on understanding the factors that facilitate sport participation and the most effective methods to promote the opportunities and benefits of participation (Shilbury, Sotiriadou, & Green, 2008). It is now common for governments, sport governing bodies, and other policymaking sources worldwide to consider sport development options in order to achieve broader policy goals. This can be seen in the two central branches of sport development. One branch is the development of sport, which has often been depicted in pyramid models of sport development. In such models, policymakers and sport managers focus on increasing the number of sport participants shown at the bottom of the pyramid, which serves as a foundation from which to develop participants’ talent and channel them up toward elite levels of competition, represented at the top of the pyramid (Green, 2005). The desired outcomes of this branch include enhanced economic benefits from a healthier population and a larger pool to select talented athletes for elite competition, which may generate prestige and pride among the population. As Shilbury et al. noted, even though the vast majority of sport participants will never reach the top level of the pyramid as elite athletes, increasing the number of participants encourages a lifelong involvement in the sport through the spectating of sport events and purchasing equipment or memberships for recreational participation. In order for the development of sport to be effective, decisions will have to be made on how to attract participants to try the sport and then retain them to facilitate regular participation opportunities. As Sotiriadou et al. (2008) explained, these sport development processes are interrelated, and will significantly influence individual experiences in sport and how effectively a program meets its objectives. The other sport development branch is development through sport. Development through sport uses sport participation as a means to contribute toward individual and societal progress (Lyras & Peachey, 2011). Globally, sport managers have attempted to use this branch of sport development to address challenges in various community settings, such as the social diversion of underrepresented groups, intergroup exchanges and conflict resolution, academic achievement, and the promotion of healthier lifestyles (Chalip, 2006; Green, 2008; Hartmann, 2003; Skinner et al., 2008). In an Australian context,Light (2010) highlighted the social development possible through swimming programs. As Shilbury et al. (2008) explained, while having different focuses, the two branches of sport development are not entirely separate from each other. In order for policymakers and sport managers to alleviate a social problem through sport participation, they will need to deliberate the best methods to attract and retain program participants.
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