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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
زندگی اطلاعاتی فقرا: مطالعه از دسترسی های دیجیتال در سه شهر مکزیک
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
The informational life of the poor: A study of digital access in three Mexican towns
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Analytical framework: ICTs from livelihood to capabilities
The central concept in the literature on information and communications technology for development, known as ICT4D, is development. This concept has been explored by a number of scholars from different fields, each perspective having different interpretations of what this means and therefore how it can be achieved. It comprises a wide range of interpretations related to “progress” and is the subject of a broad debate on ways to achieve this. It is not the purpose of this study to discuss this concept; suffice to say that understanding development as a process rather than an outcome is at the center of all ICT4D activities. From this perspective, ICTs are a mechanism for achieving the goal of the equitable development process of society to reduce social exclusion. The conception of ICT for development perceives the role of these technologies as a disruptive innovation and a revolutionary step in the history of mankind. One of the main reasons behind this optimism is the possibility of a quantum leap in development through the use of technologies such as the Internet that would increase productivity and give rise to the knowledge society (Unwin, 2009). Internationally, this perspective has been reflected since 2000 in the inclusion of ICTs in the Millennium Development Goals designed to eradicate poverty.Since then, however, optimism, particularly in academic circles, has declined (e.g. Warschauer & Ames, 2010; Kleine & Unwin 2009; Heeks, 2002). The numerous criticisms of the idea of ICT4D identify two types of failure: a) the fact that projects do not work in the particular way in which they are implemented, in other words, they are not adopted by the communities they are intended to serve or become unsustainable for economic or technological reasons, and b) projects fail because even if they function as planned, the main social and economic objectives of ICT4D, in other words, alleviating poverty, improving education, reducing mortality rates and so on are not met or reflected in a specific set of social and economic indicators. The first lessons about the lack of success of these initiatives indicate that they tend to focus on technology rather than community needs (Heeks, 2002). It is also suggested that the failure of ICT4D initiatives may be due to inadequate tools and a lack of understanding of problems due to weak theoretical foundations (Kleine & Unwin, 2009). A growing number of scholars have addressed this weakness by building analytical frameworks to implement and evaluate ICTD initiatives. For example, a branch of the ICTD community has focused on the concepts of “knowledge” and “communication,” based mainly on Castells and Habermas, to develop a conceptual framework (Kleine & Unwin, 2009). Kleine and Unwin (2009) uses Amartya Sen's analytical framework, the capability approach, which is basically “a process of expanding the freedoms we have reason to value” (Sen, 2000). According to this vision, the concepts of functioning and capabilities are substantial to understand the human development processes. From this perspective, ICTs become very relevant, as they are part of the functioning of the poorest groups. By giving a repertoire of resources and through individual and collective agency– meaning a skillful and meaningful use of these–ICTs contribute to human development of these social groups, understood in Sen’s terms as the possibility to expand each person's freedom to do or be what they value. In order to operationalize Amartya Sen's capability approach and to apply its theoretical framework to the evaluation of the impact of ICT, we use Gigler's framework. Gigler's central question is whether and under which conditions the improved access to information and knowledge facilitated by ICTs can enhance the human capabilities of the poor to better achieve the lifestyle they value. (Gigler, 2012).
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کلمات کلیدی:
in_focus - Information Lives of the Poor: Fighting poverty with ... https://www.idrc.ca/en/.../infocus-information-lives-poor-fighting-poverty-technology Nov 25, 2013 - Information and communication have always opened opportunities for the poor to earn income, reduce isolation, and respond resiliently to ... The informational life of the poor : a study of digital access in three ... https://www.econbiz.de/.../the-informational-life-of-the-poor.../10011621538 The informational life of the poor : a study of digital access in three Mexican towns. Judith Mariscal Avilés, Sebastián Benítez Larghi, María Angélica Martínez ... Laurent Elder: The Information Lives of the Poor | Ottawa Citizen ottawacitizen.com/opinion/laurent-elder-the-information-lives-of-the-poor Mar 6, 2014 - Why should we care about how the poor access and communicate information? Intuitively, feeling safe and secure, obtaining clean water and ... An Overlooked Reason Poor People Stay Poor: Sudden Life Shocks https://www.fastcompany.com/.../an-overlooked-reason-poor-people-stay-poor-sudde... Science finds that things like health problems, layoffs, and arrests happen more often to poor people–and help keep them poor. DIRSI on Twitter: "Judith Mariscal presentará The Informational Life of ... https://twitter.com/dirsi/status/657662962904276992 Oct 23, 2015 - ... de la Información - Regional Dialogue on the Information Society .... Judith Mariscal presentará The Informational Life of the Poor: a study of ... Lesson Plans for Daily Life Through History: 50 History DBQ's https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0313337659 Greenwood (NA) - 2006 - History Activity: Informational Brochure Lyndon B. Johnson's War on Poverty ... The Other America focused national attention on the plight Perspective of America's poor.
