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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بدگمانی در مورد از بین بردن ساختار فرصت
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Misgivings about dismantling the opportunity construct
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
A robust body of literature has solidified the construct of entrepreneurial opportunity as a “fundamental entity” (Kuhn, 2012) in entrepreneurship research (Short et al., 2010). Despite its demonstrated utility, there are notable challenges associated with the concept and several scholars have taken issue with the lack of definitional clarity and theoretical precision surrounding the opportunity concept. This has led some scholars to claim it is nothing more than linguistic innovation (Ramoglou and Zyglidopoulos, 2015) while others claim it is inherently elusive (Dimov, 2011) and thus suffers from an irresolvable construct clarity problem (Davidsson, 2015). Therefore, some insist that the opportunity construct be replaced with alternative concepts such as “new venture ideas, external enablers and opportunity confidence" (Davidsson, 2015; Davidsson, 2016) while others call for abandoning the construct altogether (Foss and Klein, 2012; Klein, 2008). These reactions are notable because they indicate a proclivity by entrepreneurship scholars to change the focus of the conversation rather than tackle the difficult questions presented by the opportunity concept. In many ways, this is to be expected. The opportunity concept is essentially an umbrella construct that encompasses a range of dynamics that lead up to and include new venture formation. This is important because prior research has documented that umbrella constructs typically rise and fall along a predictable path. Hirsch and Levin (1999), for example, carefully map the evolution of umbrella constructs and document that as scholars grapple with ambiguous aspects of a construct, meaning becomes fragmented and the initial excitement about the construct's ability to represent complex phenomena wanes as murmurs of discontent grow around the diversity of definitions used to represent the phenomena. These murmurs often grow into full-scale attacks on the validity of the construct in the form of calls to pull back and reconsider the appropriate use of the construct. As the discussions above highlight, dynamics along these lines appear to be unfolding with the entrepreneurial opportunity construct. This is insightful because Hirsch and Levin (1999) go on to conclude that when this happens, one of three equilibrium states unfold: (1) construct coherence – definitional fragmentation challenges are resolved; (2) permanent issue – agree the construct is representationally valuable and accept variation in definition; or (3) construct collapse – abandon use of the construct, usually in favor of multiple sub-elements. Viewed in this light, it is clear that efforts by some scholars to replace the construct with alternative concepts or to disband its use entirely are pushing for the equilibrium state of construct collapse. I have misgivings over this movement because it introduces several stumbling blocks for the future of entrepreneurship research. These are failures to consider (1) definitional fragmentation is the result of a lack of process clarity unsolved by dismantling the opportunity construct, (2) the construct represents the language used by entrepreneurs in the field and (3) authors who utilize the opportunity construct will increasingly incur the high costs of responding to challenges from the validity police. Considering these issues, I advocate a push towards “permanent issue” rather than “construct collapse” as a more advantageous equilibrium state. This article elaborates on these points and articulates some of the benefits of a shift in this direction.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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