دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین باکتری آناموکس از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بیان ژن و کشف نشانگر باکتری آناموکس در راکتورهای مختلف
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Gene expression and biomarker discovery of anammox bacteria in different reactors
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
In 1995, Mulder et al. discovered the anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) process in a denitrification experimental facility used for yeast wastewater treatment [1]. Since then, the widespread existence of the anammox process has changed our understanding of the nitrogen cycle. Anammox bacteria have become a research focus in environmental and microbial fields. These bacteria are strict anaerobic autotrophs, belonging to a deep branch of the planctomycetes [2]. As shown in Fig. 1, the anammox reaction takes place inside the anammoxosome [3], an intracytoplasmic compartment bounded by a single ladderane lipid-containing membrane, in which ammonium and nitrite are directly oxidized to nitrogen gas under anoxic conditions. The first step of the anammox reaction is the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide by nitrite oxidoreductase (nir). Ammonium and nitric oxide are then combined to form hydrazine by hydrazine synthase (hzs). This unique hydrazine intermediate is then oxidized (dehydrogenated) by the key enzyme hydrazine oxidoreductase (hzo) to dinitrogen gas [4]. Certain specific characteristics of anammox bacteria hinder the practical application of the anammox process [6]. For example, they have a long doubling time (about 11 days) [7,8]; therefore, enrichment of anammox bacteria should be the first priority when operating an anammox reactor. To assess the numbers of anammox bacteria, two main methods are used widely [9]: fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) [10] and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) targeting either the 16S rRNA gene or the functional genes of the anammox process. Although simple and visual, FISH cannot determine precisely the bacterial quantity. q-PCR is used frequently to evaluate anammox activity [11,12]. One of the earliest reports of the use of q-PCR to measure the anammox cell concentration of an anammox reactor by quantifying 16S rRNA was by Van der Star et al. in 2002 [13]. However, the multiplicity and heterogeneity of 16S rRNA genes or other functional genes in prokaryotes [14,15] make
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کلمات کلیدی:
Biomarkers for In Situ Detection of Anaerobic Ammonium-Oxidizing ... aem.asm.org/content/71/4/1677.full by MC Schmid - 2005 - Cited by 341 - Related articles Based on phylogenetic analysis, the discovered anammox organism .... The low 16S rRNA sequence similarities of anammox organisms to other genera of the ... Gene expression and biomarker discovery of anammox bacteria ... - خانه zoodyab.ir/.../125641-gene-expression-and-biomarker-discovery-o... Translate this page Nov 15, 2016 - ... and biomarker discovery of anammox bacteria in different reactors ... hzo and hzs genes) in the anammox process and their quantitative ... Advances in methods for detection of anaerobic ammonium oxidizing ... https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › NCBI › Literature › PubMed Central (PMC) by M Li - 2011 - Cited by 51 - Related articles Apr 8, 2011 - Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a newly discovered ..... Another functional biomarker with application in anammox bacteria ... Anammox - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anammox Anammox, an abbreviation for ANaerobic AMMonium OXidation, is a globally important ... The anammox bacteria are characterized by several striking properties: they all ... The discovery of anammox process modified the concept of biological nitrogen cycle, ... The other mechanism postulates the following: ammonium and ... [PDF]The discovery of the Anammox process and beyond. J.Gijs Kuenen1 ... agi.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/H-Session5Anammox.pdf by NL Nijmegen - Related articles N2) was discovered and validated to be mediated by ... heterotrophic or by anammox bacteria on the other hand (Kartal et al 2007b, Jensen et al 2007; Lam et al ..... T23, we identified potential functional gene biomarkers for the anammox ... Hydrothermal microbial ecosystems: - Page 218 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=2889196828 Andreas Teske, Anna-Louise Reysenbach - 2015 Like other anammox bacteria, they derive their energy for growth from the ... of specific biomarkers to target anammox bacteria and determine their numbers and ... been known already since the discovery of extensive mats of sulfur-oxidizing ... Geochemistry: An Introduction - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1107268885 Francis Albarède - 2009 - Science Methanotrophs are often associated with acetogenic bacteria which release acetate ... are highly unstable and prone to utilization as biological fuel by other organisms. ... Occasionally, the discovery of new biomarkers has led to the discovery of ... the “anammox” bacteria capable of combining ammonia with nitrites into N2.
