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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بانک های تعاونی، نظم و انضباط اینترنت و بازار
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Cooperative banks, the internet and market discipline
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Cooperative banks constitute a significant part of the European banking sector. For example, in such countries as Italy, France, Germany and the Netherlands, between 25% and 45% of all loans are granted by cooperative banks, with SMEs representing between 20% and 50% of their clients (European Association of Co-operative Banks, 2015). In terms of deposits, cooperative banks’ market share is of a comparable magnitude. In Poland, cooperative banks make up the largest group of entities from the banking sector, with nearly 600 of them. Their market share is smaller than the EU average, but it is still significant because they possess 9% of banking sector assets, 8% of loans, and 10% of deposits from the non-financial sector. In addition, cooperative banks employ more than 20% of the banking sector’s personnel (Polish Financial Supervision Authority, 2014). Polish cooperative banks serve mostly small local communities, whereas their areas of operation are usually restricted only to several counties. It should be noted that the banks are associated in two unions, but they are only loosely linked organizationally and financially.1 In contrast to cooperative banks in certain other EU countries, including the Netherlands, France and Austria, Poland’s distinct cooperative banks from the same association do not consolidate financial statements and even do not guarantee their obligations. As a result, institutions from the same or neighboring counties compete for depositors and debtors. The financial standing of cooperative banks is vital for households, farmers and micro companies because these banks are significant and often major providers of financial services in rural areas and small cities. The stability of cooperative banks, as with other institutions in the banking sector, is under the monitoring auspices of the Polish Financial Supervision Authority. Nevertheless, the large number of cooperative banks in relation to the limited resources of supervisors reduces the possibility of performing onsite inspections within appropriately short time intervals. Because onsite inspections at individual cooperative banks take place once every 5 or 6 years, more resources are delegated to offsite activities, including analyses of cooperative banks’ financial statements and other financial documents. Even if officials are able to increase supervisory efforts, it should be recalled that assessments become outdated quickly, which is especially evident in the case of banks with weak financial standing and during systemic crises (Cole & Gunther, 1998; Hirtle & Lopez, 1999; Berger, Davies, Flannery, 2000). The limited resources held by authorities who exercise regulatory discipline at cooperative banks require a discussion of the role of private entities in ensuring the sector’s stability. It is in line with the general opinion that regulatory discipline needs support from market participants to ensure financial stability. In other words, it naturally leads to questions about market discipline, that is, a process in which market participants monitor and evaluate the financial standing of a bank and provide informative signals that affect how bank managers run their companies and how they man age bank risks (Bliss & Flannery, 2002). Different groups of market participants can discipline a bank, including its depositors, bond holders, outside equity holders or even borrowers (Berger & Udell, 1995; Slovin, Sushka, Polonchek, 1993). The major and the most numerous risk bearers are nevertheless depositors, which is especially true in the case of cooperative banks in Poland because they rarely issue bonds,2 and their legal form (a cooperative) eliminates the possibility of market discipline from stock market participants. Strengthened market discipline from depositors, that is, depositor discipline, could thus effectively complement regulatory discipline efforts aimed at cooperative banks to promote their financial stability (Flannery, 2001).
کلمات کلیدی:
Co-operative Bank - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Co-operative_Bank Co-operative Bank or Cooperative Bank may refer to: The Co-operative Bank, a bank in the United Kingdom; The Co-operative Bank (New Zealand), New ... Co-op Bank: Personal banking | Online banking www.co-operativebank.co.uk/ The Co-operative Bank provides personal banking services including current accounts, credit cards, online and mobile banking, personal loans, savings and ... Online Banking · CO-OP Bank · Business Online Banking · Contact us EACB - European Association of Co-operative Banks www.eacb.coop/ The EACB represents, promotes and defends the common interests of its 31 member institutions and of cooperative banks, with regard to banking as well as to ... Characteristics of the co-operative banking model - EACB www.eacb.coop › Home › Co-operative Banks Co-operative banks foster self-help, responsibility and solidarity. They contribute to stability thanks to their proximity. Efficiency and sound governance arises ... Co-operative Bank says it has interest of several credible buyers ... https://www.theguardian.com › Business › Co-operative Group Mar 24, 2017 - The bank, which recently reported a £477m full-year loss, put itself up for sale last month in a bid to raise more capital. Co-op Bank is up for sale – is it time to leave? | Money | The Guardian https://www.theguardian.com › Money › Current accounts Feb 18, 2017 - Its ethical values and cooperative approach are under threat. We look at what it means for its 1.4 million current account customers, and at the ... Co-op Bank, New Zealand Banks | The Co-operative Bank - The Co ... https://www.co-operativebank.co.nz/ We offer everything you need for everyday personal banking: transaction accounts, savings accounts, personal loans, overdrafts, insurance and investment ... Private equity and challengers circle Co-operative Bank https://www.ft.com/content/f7e79888-f1c0-11e6-8758-6876151821a6 Feb 13, 2017 - The Co-operative Bank has made a last-ditch attempt to salvage its future by putting itself up for sale after warning that its capital reserves will ... Searches related to Cooperative banks cooperative bank contact cooperative bank in india functions of cooperative banks difference between commercial and cooperative banks types of cooperative banks co operative bank kerala co operative bank careers the co-operative group
