دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین بازی جدی برای آموزش عقب افتادگی ذهنی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
بازی های جدی برای آموزش شغلی افراد دارای عقب افتادگی ذهنی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Serious games for the job training of persons with developmental disabilities
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
People with developmental disabilities generally need a significant amount of time and repetitive practice to master a task because of their difficulty with memory, motivation, and attention (Turnbull, Turnbull, & Wehmeyer, 2012). In addition, due to their deficiency in executive control, people with developmental disabilities struggle to sustain task speed and accuracy (Brewer & Smith, 1982). They tend to be physically slower and have poorer motor functions than non-disabled people do (Rarick, 1973). Such qualities reduce the individual productivity of persons with developmental disabilities (Blackorby & Wagner, 1996), and become the major reasons why industrial employers avoid hiring them (Fuqua, Rathburn, & Gade, 1984; Hanley-Maxwell, Rusch, Chadsey-Rusch, & Renzaglia, 1986; Johnson, Greenwood, & Schriner, 1988).To teach job skills and increase productivity, various strategies have been reported to be effective: the use of visual and auditory prompts (Copeland & Hughes, 2000; Minarovic & Bambara, 2007; Post, Storey, & Karabin, 2002), help of peer mentors (Westerlund, Granucci, Gamache, & Clark, 2006), promotion of social skills (Gear, Bobzien, Judge, & Raver, 2011), selfmonitoring (Cavaiuolo & Gradel, 1990), self-evaluation (Grossi & Heward, 1998), and use of experimenter surveillance (Belfiore, Mace, & Browder, 1989). One commonly used method is job coaching (Doane & Valente, 1977). A job coach assists the person with disabilities one-on-one at the actual workplace. This approach is considered to be more socially and technologically effective than training at sheltered workshops or training institutions (Hempleman & Longhi, 1996; Inge, Dymond, & Wehman, 1996; Langford & Lawson, 1994; O'Reilly, 2007). However, job coaching still requires long-term training (Olson, Cioffi, Yovanoff, & Mank, 2001), and studies have found that the absence of the job coach sometimes reduces productivity (Rusch, Morgan, Martin, Riva, & Agran, 1985). Training at the work place may also bear physical and social risks depending on the kind of task, place, and person. For these reasons, in countries with limited welfare systems, the additional hiring or repositioning of employees who can provide job coach services may be costly for the company (Department of Education, Employment, and Workplace Relations, 2011; Domzal, Houtenville, & Sharma, 2008). To reduce such reliance on human resources and to achieve independence and more self-directed learning, utilization of various electronic technologies is one solution. For example, Riffel et al. (2005) used a palmtop PC-based prompting system to complete tasks without human assistance, while Mitchell, Schuster, Collins, and Gassaway (2000) used an auditory prompting system to provide faded prompts until mastery. Portable DVD players (Mechling, Gast, & Fields, 2008), pocket PCs (Laarhoven, Laarhoven-Myers, & Zurita, 2007), computer programs (Hansen & Morgan, 2008), iPod Touch (Cannella-Malone, Weaton, Wu, Tullis, & Park, 2012), and iPad (Alexander, Ayres, Smith, Shepley, & Matars, 2013; Taber-Doughty, Miller, Shurr, & Wiles, 2013) have been used for similar purposes and methods, mostly for self-prompting. However, some authors suggested that while these technologies may reduce reliance on other humans, they do not actually reduce training time (Riffel et al., 2005); additionally, sometimes these prompting systems cannot be phased out of usedin other words, the workers rely on the prompting, and without it, their performance is reduced (Taber-Doughty et al., 2013). In this study, we propose a completely different approach to using technology. The main goal was to minimize cost, training time, and reliance on human resources, while maximizing physical and social safety by exploring the possibility of job skills training with serious games. A serious game is designed to train skills, attitudes, and/or knowledge through game playing (Michael & Chen, 2006; Ratan & Ritterfeld, 2009; Ritterfeld, Cody, & Vorderer, 2009). Serious games emphasize functional goals as well as entertainment, whereas traditional simulation games mainly emphasize functional goals (Ritterfeld et al., 2009). Today, serious game task training is used mostly in military, medical, and business education; training in all these areas can be economically, physically, and/or socially costly (Guillen-Nieto and Aleson-Carbonell, 2012; Michael & Chen, 2006). In this study, we suggest that serious games can be a good alternative to traditional training methods not only for these reasons but because they are embedded with special education teaching/learning strategies and other elements that satisfy the special needs of persons with developmental disabilities, as explained in the following sections.
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کلمات کلیدی:
IL Skills Training for Persons with Developmental Disabilities - Ability360 ability360.org/il-skills-training-for-persons-with-developmental-disabilities Ability360's Community Living Options (CLO) program offers services for high-functioning individuals with a developmental disability who are ineligible for ... [PDF]Employment Programs for Persons with Developmental Disabilities ... https://oig.hhs.gov/oei/reports/oei-07-98-00260.pdf person with developmental disabilities lives and to lessen the many barriers that they encounter ... employers; and outdated pre-vocational training models. Toilet training persons with developmental disabilities - Google Books https://books.google.com › Family & Relationships › Education Toilet training persons with developmental disabilities: a rapid program for day and nighttime independent toileting. Front Cover. Richard M. Foxx, Nathan H. [PDF]Introduction to Developmental Disabilities Classroom Participant's Guide apdcares.org/training/docs/developmental-disabilities-participants-guide.pdf Introduction to Developmental Disabilities Participant's Guide. Contents. Contents. Agency for Persons with Disabilities. 1. Module 1 – Training Overview. 1. Toilet Training Persons With Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid ... https://www.amazon.com/...Training-Persons-Developmental-Disabilities/.../08782202... Toilet Training Persons With Developmental Disabilities: A Rapid Program for Day and Nighttime Independent Toileting [Richard M. Foxx] on Amazon.com. Developmental Disabilities Training Institute Program ddti.unc.edu/ The mission of the Developmental Disabilities Training Institute is to foster improvements in services and supports to persons with developmental disabilities ... [PDF]Self-Management and Social Skills Training for Persons - PDXScholar pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1014&context=coun_fac by TM Anctil - 2003 - Cited by 9 - Related articles Self-management and social skills training for persons with developmental disabilities: Tools for the rehabilitation counselor to facilitate success in community ...
