دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین بازیافت مواد مغذی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
جایگزینی زیرساخت های زباله و بهداشتی متمرکز با درمان محلی و بازیافت مواد مغذی: نظرات کارشناسان در زمینه برنامه ریزی شهری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Replacing centralised waste and sanitation infrastructure with local treatment and nutrient recycling: Expert opinions in the context of urban planning
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Material and methods
2.1. Multilevel perspective on the research setting The authors organised the preconditions for implementing the decentralised circular system in a new residential area according to a multilevel perspective. In MLP, landscape refers to an exogenous environment that changes slowly and affects niche and regime dynamics (Verbong and Geels, 2010). This study is motivated by global resource scarcity and aims to enhance sustainability, liveability (de Haan et al., 2014) and the circular economy (Fig. 1), which questions the performance of current regimes and generates opportunities for the studied system. On the other hand, there are also opposite landscape processes, including strong consumption culture, which fit with current regimes and may hinder transition. Regimes are the prevailing means for realising key societal functions (Smith et al., 2010); they consist of material and technical elements, networks of actors, and rules that guide activities (Verbong and Geels, 2010). In the context of this paper, regimes include municipal water, sanitation and waste infrastructure. When an (alternative) infrastructure is realised in new residential areas, the strongest actors come from municipal land-use planning, where the planning power is, and from construction companies, which invest in building houses (Fig. 1). Characteristically, infrastructure sectors are highly institutionalised socio-technical regimes that enable certain rationalities and actions while hindering others (Fuenfschilling and Truffer, 2014). Innovations might be rejected because they do not fit with existing industry structures or decision-making processes (Smith and Raven, 2012). Socio-technical transitions are about changes in regimes, and they require both strong alternatives in niches and favourable openings in regime-selection environments via dynamics and tensions within and between regimes as well as due to landscape pressure (Smith et al., 2010). Niche is defined as a protective space for path-breaking innovations which fail to successfully compete within the selection environments of incumbent socio-technical regimes. In this paper, the decentralised circular system is a potentially path-breaking innovation which the public sector is expected to protect in the context of urban land-use planning (Fig. 1). In niches, innovations can become competitive within unchanged selection environments (fit and conform) or when mainstream selection environments change in a way favourable to them (stretchand-transform). When an innovation is developed to fit and conform to an existing regime-selection environment, its sustainability is often compromised (Smith and Raven, 2012).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Source Separation and Decentralization for Wastewater Management https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1843393484 Tove A. Larsen, Kai M. Udert, Judit Lienert - 2013 - Science services, (2) Deferring infrastructure upgrades, (3) Environmental protection, ... by using a local treatment solution to avoid “long” pumping distances to/from a ... Nutrient recycling objectives are usually captured by local irrigation of crops, ... Handbook of Cities and the Environment: https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1784712264 Kevin Archer, Kris Bezdecny - 2016 - Political Science Infrastructure refers to the systems to produce and distribute water, energy, and ... the powering of wastewater treatment plants and the pumping potable water ... local level, we see the connection with energy production, nutrient recycling for ... [PDF]Distributed Water Infrastructure for Sustainable Communities www.werf.org/distwat/ New, more sustainable water infrastructure systems are ... al, centralized conveyance and treatment networks .... managing water locally .... recover water, nutrients, and .... National Onsite Wastewater Recycling Association (NOWRA). Metric Handbook - Page 5-27 - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1135140642 David Littlefield - 2012 - Architecture Cleaner biosolids and nutrient recycling The buildings and infrastructure in ... The wastewater that goes to the local wastewater treatment plant comes solely ... [PDF]Design with water - Arup https://www.arup.com/-/media/Arup/Files/.../D/WSUD_brochure_April_2013.pdf and wastewater treatment by placing a re-integrated water cycle at the heart of sustainable planning ... infrastructure providers, business, third sector, local communities and others. ... and treatment, localised nutrient recycling and improved ...
