دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین بازار حمل و نقل هوایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
پیامدهای ناشی از کشورهای عضو CARICOM در جستجوی یک بازار حمل و نقل هوایی تحت کنترل "آزادانه": مورد گردشگری منطقه ای در باربادوس
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a ‘liberally controlled’ air transport market: The case of regional tourism to Barbados
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Background of air transportation in CARICOM
The development of regional transportation could not have resulted with the pre-existing inadequate agreements between the islands. In fact, ICAO (2003) reports there were only three formal bilateral agreements in effect in CARICOM prior to the establishment of the CARICOM multilateral. Hence, the signing of a multilateral air services agreement (MASA), effective as of November 17, 1998 stipulated that CARICOM air carriers would have unlimited and full access to traffic rights within the region. However, enshrined within the agreement is a provision that the MASA shall not contradict any air service agreement member states have already committed to (Bertrand, 2011). Furthermore, not all of the states signed or ratified the agreement (CARICOM, 2011b). Without full participation of all member states, fully liberal aviation practices in the region would still be unachievable since non ratification creates avenues for “artificial restrictions to traffic rights” (Warnock-Smith, 2008: 157). Moreover, as denounced by the World Trade Organization (2008: 73) the MASA automatically grants third and fourth freedom rights to airlines owned by CARICOM nationals or member states, however fifth freedom rights, day tours and air taxi operations are subject to negotiations. It is no surprise therefore that Bertrand (2006) argues that air services liberalisation is generally well exercised in Air Service Agreements between CARICOM states and other international countries, but not similarly among CARICOM nations. Table 1 provides a general overview of the articles relevant to this study. However it is important to note that there has been recent political interest and efforts in CARICOM towards a revision of the existing CARICOM MASA (Daily Nation, 2014). Up to the time of publication though, such revisions were still being developed and hence any revised agreement was not in effect
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کلمات کلیدی:
Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally ... www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969699715001465 by K Yarde - 2016 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Jan 22, 2016 - Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally controlled' air transport market: The case of regional tourism to Barbados. Cristina Jönsson - Google Scholar Citations scholar.google.com/citations?user=mvvY-kYAAAAJ&hl=en Lecturer in Tourism Management, The University of the West Indies - cavehill.uwi.edu Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally controlled'air transport market: The case of regional tourism to Barbados. K Yarde, C ... Progressive Commercialization of Airline Governance Culture https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1317224264 Jan Walulik - 2016 - Business & Economics states carried out a practice of designating airlines that did not satisfy ... member states in the search for a 'liberally controlled' air transport market: The case of ... Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a - EconBiz https://www.econbiz.de/...states...search...liberally-controlled-air.../10011546086 Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally controlled' air transport market : the case of regional tourism to Barbados. Kareem Yarde ... Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally ... https://trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1402949 by K Yarde - 2016 - Cited by 1 - Related articles Apr 1, 2016 - Implications for CARICOM member states in the search for a 'liberally controlled' air transport market: The case of regional tourism to Barbados ...
