دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اینترنت پیش بینی کننده فعالان عمومی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
رفتارهای دموکراتیک و اینترنت به عنوان پیش بینی کننده های فعالان عمومی
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Demographics and Internet behaviors as predictors of active publics
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Literature review
The situational theory of publics (Grunig, 1989, 1997, 2003; Grunig & Hunt, 1984) provides the theoretical foundation for the present study. This study profiles and explores predictors of active publics in political public relations. According to Grunig’s schema, latent publics face some kind of problem, but are not aware of it. Aware publics recognize a problem, but do not act on it. Active publics, the focus of the present study, consist of those who recognize the problem and take some kind of action. Specifically, the present study is concerned with those who use digital and social media as tools for political action. Who are they? What demographic characteristics and Internet attitudes and behaviors predict such digital political action? 2.1. An overview of digital political public relations In the early days of digital political public relations, campaign organizations could easily discount the benefits technology afforded their campaigns (Sweetser, 2011). Tedesco (2004) noted early campaign websites were nothing more than online brochures, indicating an adherence to the one-way communication model that lacked original or targeted content. Bimber and Davis (2003) suggested that this early use of online content was simply a means to reinforce messages communicated throughother traditional channels.Campaigncommunicationstaff seemedreticentto truly embrace the technology. Scholars like Stromer-Galley (2000) reported that campaigns did the bare minimum with online sites, in order to retain what they perceived as control over the campaign. Online campaigning has evolved from its hesitant start in 1992 into a fully ubiquitous tool in the 21st century. However, the initial negative perspective among campaigners toward social media sites continued through several campaign cycles (Sweetser, 2011). Even though Pew Internet and American Life data showed greater adoption of the Internet as a means for information gathering and political discourse (Sweetser, 2011), Stromer-Galley and Baker (2006) argued that campaign websites were more of a dialogic fac¸ ade than a true medium for two-way communication. Cogburn and Espinoza-Vasquez (2011) examined candidate-constituent benefits from a political public relations standpoint. They found that online discourse among supporters could lead to local grassroots activities, as occurred among Obama supporters in 2008. In related research, Gueorguieva (2008) asserted that social network sites created an inexpensive venue for fundraising efforts and organizing volunteers during a 2005 election.
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کلمات کلیدی:
Consumer Behavior, 11E (Sie) With Cd https://books.google.com/books?isbn=007068216X Hawkins "Demographics of Internet Users," Pew Internet & American Life Project, 2007, http://pewinternet.org, accessed June 2, 2008. 77. N. R. Brier, "Coming of Age," ... Demographics of Social Media Users and Adoption in ... - Pew Internet www.pewinternet.org/fact-sheet/social-media/ Jan 12, 2017 - Today around seven-in-ten Americans use social media to connect with one another, engage with news content, share information and ... Contact Lens Wearer Demographics and Risk Behaviors for Contact ... https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6432a2.htm by JR Cope - Cited by 31 - Related articles Aug 21, 2015 - Contact Lens Wearer Demographics and Risk Behaviors for Contact ... and are provided with internet access and a computer if needed. [PDF]A Large-scale Study of Browsing Behavior - Sharad Goel https://5harad.com/papers/whowhatweb.pdf by S Goel - 2012 - Cited by 78 - Related articles different demographic groups access online health re- sources? Do the heaviest Internet users—a relatively small number of whom account for the majority of all.
