دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ایزولاسیون ذرات رادیو اکتیو از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
نخستین ایزولاسیون موفق ذرات رادیو اکتیو از زمین نزدیک نیروگاه هسته ای فوکوشیما
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
First successful isolation of radioactive particles from soil near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (F1NPP) accident, caused by tsunami damage following the Great East Japan Earthquake on 11 March 2011, released enormous amounts of radioactive material into the atmosphere. Radiocaesium (Radioactive Cs) was one of the most abundant radionuclides released into the environment during the F1NPP accident, with an estimated radioactive Cs release on the order of 9–36 PBq (Terada et al., 2012; Stohl et al., 2012; Katata et al., 2015; Winiarek et al., 2012). Understanding the physical and chemical properties of the emitted radioactive caesium is important to accurately evaluate the possible impacts to human health and to assess the long-term distributions of these particles after deposition in residential areas, agricultural fields, mountains, and aquatic environments. In the early stages of the F1NPP accident, radioactive Cs-bearling particles 2–10mm in diameter was dominant (Doi et al., 2013; Miyamoto et al., 2014). In addition, radioactive Cs were transported from catchment to downstream as suspended matters (Chartin et al., 2013; Lepage et al., 2016). And, it was stored in river basin as sediment (Kitamura et al., 2014). However, the chemical forms of radioactive Cs were unclear at that time. To investigate the chemical forms of radioactive Cs, Adachi et al. (2013) isolated radioactive water-insoluble microspheres from atmospheric samples collected on 14 and 15 March in Tsukuba, which is approximately 170 km southwest of the F1NPP. The radioactive particles were isolated from the aerosol samples using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM–EDS). The particles contained Cs, O, Fe, and Zn and were several micrometres in diameter; the 137Cs activity of the particles was approximately 2–3 Bq per particle. These particles were collected from the plume that was released on 14 and 15 March, but they were not observed in aerosol samples from other plumes, such as one that occurred 20–21 March 2011. Abe et al. (2014) used state-of-the-art synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy to examine the chemistry of the Cs-bearing particles isolated by Adachi et al. (2013). They concluded that the particles: (1) contained elements derived from nuclear fission processes and from nuclear reactor and fuel materials; (2) were amorphous; (3) were highly oxidized; and (4) consisted of glassy spherules formed from a molten mixture of nuclear fuel and reactor material. Yamaguchi et al. (2016) recently found similar Csbearing particles from deposits on non-woven fabric cloth and on a needle of Japanese cedar in Fukushima and showed their internal compositions using a focused ion beam and a transmission electron microscope. In contrast, Kaneyasu et al. (2012) showed that radioactive Cs was hosted in sulfate aerosols, as determined by a particle size analysis of the radioactive material and measurements of non-radioactive aerosol chemical components in April– May 2011. Kaneyasu et al. (2012) argued that the Cs-bearing sulfate aerosols were submicron in size and soluble in water; such particles would behave differently than the Cs-bearing particles reported by Adachi et al. (2013). Therefore, it is thought that the physical and chemical forms of the radioactive Cs emitted during the F1NPP accident, as well as their release times, varied considerably. In particular, soluble radioactive Cs has been assumed to distribute rather uniformly in the dose calculation in human body. However, the presence of high concentrated insoluble radioactive Cs-bearing particle in the early F1NPP plume could result in underestimation of internal exposure in human body who had been exposed to such plume. For instance, effective dose coefficients for inhalation become the larger if radioactive Cs is the less soluble (e.g. ICRP Publication 119).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Radioactive particles released to the environment from the Fukushima ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ieam.1834/full Sep 12, 2016 - Radioactive particles containing 37Cs and other volatile .... Cs, Ba) was also determined in isolated 137Cs particles reported by Adachi (2013) ... Speciation of Radioactive Soil Particles in the Fukushima ... pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/es502849e by H Mukai - 2014 - Cited by 36 - Related articles Oct 24, 2014 - Radioactive soil particles several tens of micrometers in size were collected from litter soil in the radiation contaminated area by the Fukushima ... New Understanding Physics for Advanced Level - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0748743146 Jim Breithaupt - 2000 - Juvenile Nonfiction She showed how radioactive compounds could be separated and identified. ... to be over 1 million times more radioactive than uranium; to isolate 1 gram of pure radium, ... The nature of the radiation was successfully investigated by Ernest Rutherford. ... Magnetic field into diagram Beam of radioactive particles a (+charged) ... Detection of Uranium and Chemical State Analysis of Individual ... pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/ac501998d by Y Abe - 2014 - Cited by 33 - Related articles Aug 1, 2014 - (5) found spherical microparticles containing radioactive Cs in aerosol ..... as is also the case for a few isolated elements and transitions for 20<Z<90. .... be successfully resolved for nuclear energy to continue to make further ... Physical Science - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=1508103518 Russell Kuhtz - 2016 - Electronic books The successful isolation of radium and other intensely radioactive ... The alpha rays proved to be positively charged particles identical to ionized helium atoms. Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, Construction: Environmental Impact ... https://books.google.com/books?id=vAkxAQAAMAAJ 1980 Use of HEPA filters has successfully reduced emissions of radioactive particulates for many years by mechanically filtering radioactive particles out of the air ...
