دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اکوسیستم پستانداران از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
ارائه خدمات اکوسیستم توسط پستانداران بزرگ در معرض خطر در یک چشم انداز موزاییک دشت جنگل بی درخت
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Ecosystem services provided by a large endangered primate in a forest-savanna mosaic landscape
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Coastal ecosystems are under pressure from a variety of human activities (Jackson et al., 2001). Deforestation has been shown to cause widespread destruction on the land and to downstream marine environments (Rogers, 1990). In the tropics, oil palm agriculture has been identified as a major driver of deforestation and biodiversity loss (Koh and Wilcove, 2008). The impacts of oil palm plantations to terrestrial ecosystems are clear (Fitzherbert et al., 2008), but their effects on marine ecosystems are not well understood. Erosion from new plantations can result in poor water quality from increased sediments, nutrients and pollutants (e.g., agrochemicals) (Ah Tung et al., 2009; Comte et al., 2012). To exacerbate this issue, development of palm oil plantations is occurring upstream of sensitive and biodiverse habitats, such as coral reefs. The palm oil industry is economically important to many developing nations (Cramb and Curry, 2012), thus solutions that balance the economic benefits of oil palm with its ecological impacts are required. Poor understanding of land-sea linkages, in addition to limited data in affected regions, makes agricultural development and conservation dif- ficult. Coral reefs are vulnerable to increases in runoff that can result from extensive land-use change, due to smothering, light loss from turbidity, eutrophication, and toxicity (Bartley et al., 2014; Fabricius, 2005; Fabricius, 2011). Despite this, the potential impact of runoff from oil palm on these ecosystems is rarely, if ever, explicitly considered during planning processes. Ignoring cross-system interactions at the land-sea interface can hinder effective conservation decisions, and may resultin suboptimal or perverse outcomes (Álvarez-Romero et al., 2015a). Although guidelines for sustainable oil palm certification have been developed (OPIC, see http://www.rspo.org), the extent these guidelines mitigate the risks to marine biodiversity from increased runoff associated with new plantations is unknown, as cross-system impacts are not explicitly considered in the criteria for sustainability assessment. Robust decision-making frameworks for data-poor regions that can account for land-use change, predict changes to downstream ecosystems, and identify priorities for management action are urgently needed. There are increasing numbers of approaches to modeling runoff (e.g. N-SPECT: Eslinger et al., 2005; InVEST: Tallis et al., 2013; Sednet: Wilkinson et al., 2004), but rarely do these extend into the sea. Recent studies linking runoff loads to reefs use over-simplified erosion, transport and condition models (Klein et al., 2012), or ignore the spatially and temporally heterogeneous response of different reef ecosystems to changing runoff regimes (Rude et al., 2015). Further, existing efforts to prioritize areas for marine conservation typically use only threat maps, which do not account for the greater tolerance of some ecosystems to threats than others (Tulloch et al., 2015). Importantly, no one has linked reef ecosystem condition to fine-scale land-uses and impacts in a single framework for spatial prioritization for data-limited regions. Here we create an integrated planning framework that links landuse change under differing scenarios for the extent of oil palm expansion to their impacts on marine ecosystems in the data-limited province of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Our framework couples outputs from a terrestrial runoff model, ocean transport model, and ecological condition model, allowing the identification of coastal areas affected by land-use changes. Our approach builds on models of fine-scale regional erosion and coastal transport to predict sediment loads in coastal waters for data-limited regions (Álvarez-Romero et al., 2015b; Rude et al., 2015) by linking sediment loads to marine habitat condition and also accounting for changes in nutrients. We account for heterogeneity in the response of different reef ecosystems across space and time to changes in sediment and nutrient loads. Finally, we use model outputs in a marine spatial conservation prioritization that account for ecosystem condition changes from land-use changes over time. We answer the following questions:
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کلمات کلیدی:
Just published: In a forest... - Frugivores & Seed Dispersal | Facebook https://www.facebook.com/FSD2020/posts/1748734762043465 Trolliet and colleagues found that bonobos disperse mostly large seeds and into habitats ... Ecosystem services provided by a large endangered primate in a ... The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_World%27s_25_Most_Endangered_Primates The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates is a list of highly endangered primate species ..... habitat loss and fragmentation (large-scale agricultural production [cattle] and farming, logging, oil palm plantations, ... The 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species offered assessments of 634 primate taxa, of which 303 (47.8%) ... The world's 100 most threatened species - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_world%27s_100_most_threatened_species The World's 100 most threatened species is a compilation of the most threatened animals, ... valued and prioritised according to these services they provided for people. ... Bahaba taipingensis, Giant yellow croaker, Fish, Chinese coast from ..... The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates · Lists of organisms by population ... Nonhuman Primates in Biomedical Research: Biology and Management https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0080537642 1995 - Medical as of February 20, 1990 (U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1990a) or inclusion as endangered in the list of ... All primate species are on the CITES Appendix II, “Threatened,” unless ... The muzzle and brows are provided with prominent whiskers. ... the two larger indriids, Indri and Propithecus, are diurnal; and the Lemuridae ... [PDF]The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates 2014–2016 - My IUCN https://portals.iucn.org/library/sites/library/files/documents/2015-033.pdf Mar 25, 2015 - 2015. Primates in Peril: The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates ..... conservation given their relatively large size. ..... agencies is needed. Tending Animals in the Global Village: A Guide to International ... https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0470292105 David M. Sherman - 2007 - Medical In the United States, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of ... tourists is offered as an economic justification for preserving the threatened or ...
