دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین انگیزه استانداردسازی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
انگیزه برای استانداردسازی: شواهد تجربی از آلمان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Motives to standardize: Empirical evidence from Germany
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Literature overview and hypotheses
In this section, we first define basic terms used in the paper. Then, we give general definitions of strategic alliances and show why standardization committees are a specific type of strategic alliance. We employ a literature survey where we combine the two streams of literature, i.e., the review the literature on motives to form strategic alliances (the general issue) and link them to standardization motives (the specific issue). The resulting list of motives to participate in standardization alliances is tested in our empirical analysis in the following sections. Finally, we develop some general hypotheses regarding the relationship between company characteristics and the importance of standardization motives in an area missing both a comprehensive theoretical framework and empirical investigations in Section 2.2. 2.1. Strategic alliances and standardization alliances organized by SDOs 2.1.1. Definitions Strategic alliances are defined as ‘inter-firm collaboration over a given economic space and time for attainment of mutually defined goals’ (Glaister and Buckley, 1996). They can be classified according to geographical (i.e., national versus international) and industry scope (i.e., intra- versus inter-industry) and to functional areas. The functional areas encompass several activities in the economic value chain, i.e. from joint R&D and technology development to manufacturing alliances and marketing (Varadarajan and Cunningham, 1995). The alliance governance literature has identified strategic alliances as opportunities for interfirm knowledge transfer (Kogut, 1988; Hamel, 1991; Doz, 1996). Learning from external sources has become a central factor for business success: successful transformation of information enables firms to exploit external knowledge internally for new product development (Cohen and Levinthal, 1990; Zahra and George, 2002). Successful knowledge acquisition from alliances is positively related to firm performance and innovation (Van Wijk et al., 2008).
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کلمات کلیدی:
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