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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
انقلاب رسانه های اجتماعی: تاثیر ذینفعان ثانویه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Social media revolutions: The influence of secondary stakeholders
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی :
Secondary stakeholders are characterized by particular qualities. First, unlike suppliers, customers, and employees, they are isolated from the firm; they have no physical contact, no personal connection, and no access allowing them the direct interaction with management that is routinely enjoyed by primary stakeholders (Zietsma & Winn, 2008). Second, they generally represent a diverse group of people with diverse interests regarding the firm. While one group might have concerns about the firm’s waste disposal policies, another might find its air pollution safety standards insufficient, and yet another might protest its community engagement practices (Gardberg & Newburry, 2013). Third, secondary stakeholders are primarily concerned with bringing about institutional or ‘fieldlevel’ change: changes in the manner in which an entire industry or group addresses a specific issue. They question the legitimacy of existing practices and, if the firm is seen to be a major protagonist in the practice, the legitimacy of the firm itself (Zietsma & Winn, 2008). Largely because of these features, secondary stakeholders display many of the characteristics of participants in a social movement (Zietsma & Winn, 2008). Secondary stakeholders gather information about a firm and its practices, discuss and debate the information, develop ways to frame what they have learned in the context of their social and economic concerns, and then make their voices heard against the firm. Social movement theory suggests that the key elements for gaining momentum in a social movement are for those involved to assemble evidence about a perceived wrong and to develop sufficient self-justification for mobilization (Klandermans & Goslinga, 1997). Klandermans and Goslinga’s model for the generation of collective action is presented in Figure 1. Starting from the left, the individual’s own personality/disposition influences the sources of information and interpersonal interactions to which the individual is exposed. Cultural themes/counter themes prevalent in society also influence these. Information and interpersonal interaction (secondfrom-left boxes) combine to create an ‘injustice frame’ and an ‘identity frame’ (third-from-left boxes), which together will determine the position an individual decidesto take on a given issue (‘agency’; second-from-right box) and whether or not he/she will participate in the movement (‘participation’; far-right box). An injustice frame involves the perception, based on accumulated and interpreted evidence, that an injustice or wrong exists or has taken place. An identity frame involves the perception of events relative to one’s own situation and conditions. The more relevant to one’s situation an eventis perceived to be,the more likely the identity
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کلمات کلیدی:
Tweeting the Revolution: Social Media Use and the #Euromaidan ... www.huffingtonpost.com/pablo-barbera/tweeting-the-revolution-s_b_4831104.html Feb 21, 2014 - As in other events of collective actions in the past few years, social media appears to be playing a prominent role in organizing and motivating ... How smartphones and social media drive political revolution www.mobileindustryreview.com/2015/.../smartphones-and-social-media-revolution.ht... Jan 19, 2015 - Much of the world's population now has access to a smartphone and social media websites. How has the technology helped spark revolutions ... From Egypt to Ukraine, Social Media Now Allows You to Share ... www.institutionalinvestor.com/.../from-egypt-to-ukraine-social-media-now-allows-yo... Mar 25, 2014 - Within days the Ukrainian revolution had begun. It unfolded in ... Technology — particularly social media — has helped drive these geopolitical ... Searches related to Social media revolutions social media revolution facts social media revolution definition social media revolution arab spring when did the social media revolution began social media revolution egypt the social media revolution 2016 how social media affected the egyptian revolution social media revolution essay
