دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اندوخته دریایی از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اندوخته های دریایی 25 ساله به عنوان پروکسی برای شرایط ناتمام گونه مورد بهره برداری
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
A 25-year marine reserve as proxy for the unfished condition of an exploited species
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Compared to large-scale fisheries, small-scale fisheries are data-limited, available studies tend to be short-term, and the status of populations they exploit is rarely assessed (Costello et al., 2012). The smallscale, multispecific, diverse and idiosyncratic nature of artisanal fisheries are not the only features that deter data collection. The close interaction of observers involved in field work with artisanal fishers means that monitoring studies will depend as much on the human component as on the technical and monetary resources available. Another difficulty is that these fisheries often have a long history, lacking a reference to the pristine or early exploitation status. This is the shifting baseline problem – where the concept of what the natural system was changes continually over time (Pauly, 1995). Well-enforced marine reserves can alleviate the problem in the case of species of limited mobility (relative to the size of the reserve), by providing a reference point that may approach the unexploited population structure (Hilborn et al., 2004). Spiny lobsters are particularly suitable for spatial management because of their restricted adult mobility and hence propensity for depensation if populations are reduced below critical levels (Jennings, 2001). They are the subject of a number of long-term studies of marine reserves, which with limited exceptions document swift responses of abundance and body size after protection (Hoskin et al., 2011; Kelly and MacDiarmid, 2003; MacDiarmid and Breen, 1993; Pande et al., 2008; Shears et al., 2006), but see Freeman et al. (2012) and Mayfield et al. (2005). Among the edible spiny lobsters in the Mediterranean (Holthuis, 1991), Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) has been historically considered an excellent food, as portrayed in a 3rd century Roman mosaic from the “House of 516 Dionysus and Ulysses” (Spanier et al., 2015). Its yields started to decrease during Roman times and deterioration of the stocks worsened in the 20th century with the intensification of effort and introduction of modern technologies (Spanier et al., 2015). Fishing techniques changed from the use of pots or diving to the use of trammel nets, which are significantly more efficient and resulted in further population declines, particularly in Atlantic populations (Goñi and Latrouite, 2005). At present, the Mediterranean population of P. elephas is considered overfished but it is still targeted by artisanal boats in many areas, especially in archipelagos and islands (Groeneveld et al., 2013). Published declines of catch per unit effort in Atlantic fisheries and widespread concern for the lack of proper assessment of its status led to the classification of P. elephas by the IUCN as Threatened Vulnerable (Goñi, 2014).Palinurus elephas is a long-lived, slow-growing species that matures at 3–4 years and approximately 80 mm carapace length (CL) in the Mediterranean and reproduces once a year (Goñi et al., 2003a). Tagging studies indicate that adult movement is restricted with most individuals moving b5 km (Goñi and Latrouite, 2005). European fisheries are managed by a minimum landing size (90 mm CL in the Mediterranean and 95 mm CL in the Atlantic) and the prohibition of landing berried females (Goñi and Latrouite, 2005). Some fisheries (e.g., Balearic Islands NW Mediterranean) have a 7-month closed season covering the egg bearing period. The Columbretes Islands Marine Reserve (hereafter “the MR”), located in the north-western Mediterranean (Spain), was established in 1990 as a no-take area (Fig. 1). The MR covers 55 km2 and previously harboured traditional fishing grounds of P. elephas. Its empowering legislation prohibits all commercial fisheries and all lobster fishing, and regulations are well enforced. At present, the most traditional and profitable commercial P. elephas fisheries in the Mediterranean occur around archipelagos and islands, such as the Balearic Islands and around the Columbretes MR (Fig. 1). These fisheries have been used as controls in a long-term study that monitored the recovery of P. elephas within the MR since 2000. Although information on lobster abundance before MR implementation is not available, local fishermen corroborate that prior to MR creation catch rates were at a minimum. Density of P. elephas within the MR at the end of the 20th century was estimated to be 6–20 times greater than in comparable fished areas depending on the season (Goñi et al., 2001) and spillover supplied lobster to the adjacent fishery (Goñi et al., 2006), providing a net annual benefit to the local fishery of 12% of the catch in weight (Goñi et al., 2010). The prohibition of fishing in the MR for 25 years offers a unique opportunity to contrast the abundance and population structure in fished and unfished conditions. In this study we: 1) assess the trajectory of lobster density and biomass in the no-take MR during the period extending from years 11 to 25 since fishing ceased, and 2) evaluate the status of Western Mediterranean P. elephas fisheries using as reference the contemporary status of lobster in the MR. We do that in terms of density and biomass, demography, reproductive potential and mortality
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کلمات کلیدی:
Marine protected areas facilitate parasite populations among four ... onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1365-2656.12104/full by CL Wood - 2013 - Cited by 13 - Related articles Jul 15, 2013 - ... under fished and unfished conditions while holding other factors constant. ... We focused on four exploited species that are both economically ... SANDRA MALLOL - Google Scholar Citations https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=lQnGEJUAAAAJ INSTITUTO ESPAÑOL DE OCEANOGRAFIA - ba.ieo.es Long-term and spillover effects of a marine protected area on an exploited fish ... marine reserve as proxy for the unfished condition of an exploited species. Eco-labelling in Fisheries: What is it all about? - Google Books Result https://books.google.com/books?isbn=0470995467 Bruce Phillips, Trevor Ward, Chet Chaffee - 2008 - Technology & Engineering ... of the species affected, and on many ecological and oceanographic aspects of ... to an unfished condition for a very long period of time, and for many habitat types, ... or the over-exploitation of species in bait fisheries; • the effect of discarded ... A 25-year marine reserve as proxy for the unfished condition ... - Sparrho https://www.sparrho.com/.../a...unfished-condition-of-an-exploited-species/9ba50b/ A 25-year marine reserve as proxy for the unfished condition of an exploited species. Imported: 06 Oct '16 | Published: 21 Sep '16. David DÃaz, Sandra Mallol; ... Proposed Acceptable Biological Catch and Optimum Yield ... https://books.google.com/books?id=izw3AQAAMAAJ 2006 ... size structure of a population from that which occurred in the unfished condition, ... for the exploited species themselves nor the ecosystems in which they exist.
