دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین اندازه گیری کارایی منابع و اقتصاد مدور: رویکرد ارزش بازار از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اندازه گیری بهره وری منابع و اقتصاد مدور: رویکرد ارزش بازار
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Measuring resource efficiency and circular economy: A market value approach
سال انتشار : 2017
بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Resource efficiency measurements Considering
the large number of natural resources with different characteristics, it is extremely complex to develop indicators that properly reflect resource use and its impacts on environment, economy and security (Behrens et al., 2015). BIO Intelligence Service et al. (BIO Intelligence Service, 2012) distinguish between four key categories of resource use: material use, energy use & climate change, water use and land use. For each one, they present indicators related to the scale of consumption (resource use) and to the impact of consumption on the environment. They also distinguish between indicators that reflect domestic consumption and impacts, and those that relate to global demand and impacts. In total, they propose 16 indicators that are capable of measuring certain aspects of resource use. However, taking into account that an indicator is a tool made and used by experts to inform industry, politicians and consumers, two main problems arise from considering so many indicators for one topic (Behrens et al., 2015). First, for communication purposes it is important that all stakeholders understand the content of the indicators and the decision making process that is based on them. Indicators must therefore be simple and intuitive. To further facilitate the measuring of progress towards agreed targets and to simplify the communication to the public, aggregate indicators (ideally a single one), rather than many of them, are to be preferred. Second, for decision making purposes, it is crucial that the indicators are robust and that they actually link simultaneously to all relevant issues of the stakeholders at a specific place and point in time. Moreover, indicators are usually calculated using different methodologies and data. The variability in accuracy and robustness, as well as the economic structures within a country, affects the reliability of the related indicators and complicates the interpretation, harmonisation and comparison between countries. To address this issue, indicators should be calculated using similar methodologies and harmonised statistics. Countries with relatively large service industries have less material use than countries that rely on resource-intensive sectors, such as mining and forestry (European Environment Agency, 2015; Dittrich et al., 2011). Concerning the environmental issues that have gained attention in recent decades, researchers have made considerable efforts to develop methods to assess the environmental performances of actors involved in production processes (Figge and Hahn, 2004). A large number of approaches to environmental impact assessment have been proposed (e.g. Fagge and Hahn, 2004; Heijungs, 1992a,b; Odum, 1996; Yang and Nielsen, 2001; EUROSTAT, 2001; Bare et al., 2003; Frischknecht et al., 2007). The main purpose of these approaches is to assess the environmental impactthat results from making or using a product. However, most of such indicators cannot provide information about environmental impact thresholds and the related desired policy targets, because it is not clear what the real bio-physical limits are before crucial tipping points are exceeded. For example, it is difficult to establish how much toxins can be released into a river without affecting the wellbeing of the flora and fauna living in it and of the humans interacting with it.
کلمات کلیدی:
A value based approach to measure resource efficiency and circular ... programme.exordo.com/isie2017/delegates/presentation/174/ A value based approach to measure resource efficiency and circular economy ... Her current research covers sustainability analysis of concrete recycling, ... [PDF]Circular economy in support of resource efficiency, climate ... - OSCE www.osce.org/secretariat/323281?download=true Jun 15, 2017 - Session 1, Mr. Máté Kriza, Foundation for Circular Economy, Hungary. EEF.NGO/4/17 ... Source: More from less - material resource efficiency in Europe, EEA,2016. What is ... (measurement, indicators, metrics). ➢ & how to ... Measuring resource efficiency and circular economy: A market ... - Trove trove.nla.gov.au/version/246682114 2017-07-01, English, Article, Report edition: Measuring resource efficiency and circular economy: A market value approach.(Report) Di Maio, Francesco; Rem, ... Gaia webinar: Measuring resource efficiency – tools for success in ... www.gaia.fi/.../gaia-webinar-measuring-resource-efficiency-tools-for-success-in-circu... Gaia webinar: Measuring resource efficiency – tools for success in circular economy. You manage what you measure. With the right tools for resource efficiency ...
