دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین انتخاب شغلی در دانشگاه از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
انتخاب شغلی در دانشگاه
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Job choice in academia
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Job choice in academia
2.1. Review of the previous literature To identify factors which are driving job choice in academia, we review three strands of the sociological and economics literature which are especially relevant to our research.1 The first strand examines the motives for engaging in academic research (compared to working in industry). There is widespread evidence that the supply of academic researchers responds to market signals such as relative earnings, job availability, the amount of stipends and the total time required for training (Blank and Stigler, 1957; Arrow and Capron, 1959; Stephan, 2012; Philippon, 2010), suggesting thatthe choice of becoming a researcher is partly driven by extrinsic, pecuniary motives. There are however indications that the choice is also driven by intrinsic motives related to the satisfaction derived from the activity of research itself—the joy of puzzle-solving, freedom to pursue curiosity-driven discovery of knowledge, etc.—and that researchers have a “taste for science” (Stephan, 1996; Roach and Sauermann, 2010). Researchers are thus willing to “pay” (in terms of opportunity costs) for the privilege of being able to pursue science (Stern, 2004; Agarwal and Ohyama, 2013). Teaching, which can be considered to be at the heart of academia (Ben-David, 1971), may also be an intrinsic motive for becoming a researcher for those who derive satisfactionfromimparting knowledge or trainingpromising young colleagues. Job choice is also affected by non-pecuniary extrinsic motives such as establishing “priority of discovery” (Merton, 1957), i.e., being the first to publicly document new knowledge. The fact that all the recognition for a scientific discovery accrues only to the first author having made the discovery can turn science into a “winner takes all” contest where small differences in initial performance lead to big differences in academic career perspectives (Dasgupta and David, 1994). Scientists who manage an early track record of scientific findings may benefit from cumulative advantages in obtaining funding for research projects (called the “Matthew effect”, see Merton, 1968; Petersen et al., 2011).
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کلمات کلیدی:
Jobs in Research, Higher Education, Science and R&D - academics https://www.academics.com/ Explore job opportunities for English-speaking researchers in Germany, Austria and ... Your smarter choice for jobs in academia in Germany and Europe. Alternatives to professorships in academia | Science | AAAS www.sciencemag.org/careers/features/2016/08/alternatives-professorships-academia Aug 26, 2016 - Those with doctorates naturally first look to the professoriate as their career choice. After all, they've seemingly spent eons in academia, have ... As if we have a choice: Early career academia & the job market ... https://menysnoweballes.wordpress.com/.../as-if-we-have-a-choice-early-career-acade... Oct 6, 2014 - This piece, published a few days ago by the British left-leaning newspaper The Guardian, essentially argued that early career academics ...
