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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اسیدهای چرب ضروری برای قارچ های روغنی مورتیرلا آلپینا
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Essential fatty acids for oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina
سال انتشار : 2016
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مقدمه انگلیسی مقاله:
1. Introduction
Filamentous fungus Mortierella alpina 1S-4 is an industrial strain for production of arachidonic acid (20:4ω6), which is the most abundant C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) in humans (Yamada et al., 1987; Sakuradani et al., 2013), and not only exhibits various regulation effects and physiological activities but also plays important roles in infant nutrition (Carlson et al., 1993; Gill and Valivety, 1997). However, the physiological function of 20:4ω6 in this fungus remains unclear. Thus far, we have derived various mutants from M. alpina 1S-4 by means of chemical mutagenesis, which exhibited different fatty acid compositions from the wild strain M. alpina 1S-4 (Jareonkitmongkol et al., 1992a). M. alpina JT- 180 and M. alpina S14 are Δ12 fatty acid desaturation-defective and Δ5 fatty acid desaturation-defective mutants that accumulate Mead acid (20:3ω9) and dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3ω6), respectively (Jareonkitmongkol et al., 1993a; Sakuradani et al., 2003). Neither mutant produces 20:4ω6, which means that 20:4ω6 is non-essential for the growth of M. alpina strains. A different way to change the fatty acid composition in M. alpina is to use inhibitors of fatty acid desaturation. We have reported three types of inhibitors, i.e., lignan compounds (Shimizu et al., 1991), alkyl gallate derivatives (Kawashima et al., 1996a), and curcumin derivatives (Kawashima et al., 1996b). The lignan compounds in sesame seeds and oil are specific inhibitors of Δ5 desaturase, which catalyzes the conversion of 20:3ω6 to 20:4ω6 (Shimizu et al., 1991). Alkyl gallate derivatives, which are known to be antioxidants, show inhibitory effects on Δ6 desaturase as well as Δ5 desaturase (Kawashima et al., 1996a). The curcumin derivatives, which include the main component of the yellow spice turmeric, show different inhibitory effect on Δ5 desaturase and a weak one on Δ6 desaturase (Kawashima et al., 1996b). In addition, 2,2-diphenyl-5-(4-{[(1E)-pyridin-3-yl-methylidene]amino}piperazin-1-yl)pentanenitrile (SC-26196) inhibits Δ6 desaturation in isolated rat liver microsomes (Harmon et al., 2003). Treatment of the microalga Porphyridium cruentum with salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM) inhibits growth and affects the fatty acid composition due to Δ6 fatty acid desaturation (Khozin-Goldberg et al., 1999). In this research, we found a new Δ6 desaturation inhibitor, 4-methoxyaniline (p-anisidine), for M. alpina strains (Fig. 1). We suggest essential fatty acid candidates for M. alpina strains based on comparison of growth and fatty acid composition between wild strain M. alpina 1S-4 and Δ12 desaturation-defective mutant JT- 180 cultivated in medium containing p-anisidine.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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