دانلود رایگان مقاله لاتین ارزش بازار طیف به عنوان عامل تولید برای تکنولوژی هوشمند از سایت الزویر
عنوان فارسی مقاله:
در ارزش بازار طیف به عنوان فاکتور تولید برای فناوری های هوشمند
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
On the Spectrum Market Value as Production Factor for Smart Technologies
سال انتشار : 2017
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. Theoretical background
To search the value of radio spectrum, we need to understand the nature of its value. Theoretical basis for spectrum value says it is not inherently valuable; rather its value derives from its use in deploying wireless services. As the profitability of spectrum-based services increases, the value of deployable spectrum assets also increases [2]. Hence spectrum valuation is neither static nor a set science, but it is kinetic [5]. To estimate the value of radio spectrum several procedures and models are used. They vary in a different rate depending on the complexity of information which is required in processing. Every model has its strengths and weaknesses. To subsequent determination of the price we need the market. There is no price without the market as well as there is no value without a (subjective) valuator. The market looks for the price and creates the market price. However, we should have in mind that financial experts show us that there are few misconceptions about valuation. One of them says that valuation is an objective search for “true” value. There is nothing like true value since all valuations are biased [6]. Radio spectrum market have two sides – governments and their agencies (NRAs), which are responsible for spectrum allocation and mobile operators which want to satisfy consumer demand for telecommunications and radio spectrum is crucial input for their business. Both parties attempt to estimate the value of spectrum while mobile operators have considerable information advantage over NRAs. As NRAs act as regulators, the market reveals a significant information asymmetry and the principles of free market cannot be applied to spectrum [10, 12]. However, some of the principles of radio spectrum management have changed in the last two decades and with the launch of first spectrum auction in New Zealand (1996) many governments have gradually employed auctions in the process of awarding spectrum licenses. Key findings say that auctions employ a price mechanism to allocate spectrum and can be used to increase efficiency and revenue maximization [7, 11]. As long as the “seller” of spectrum license is also the regulator (except the case of Secondary markets) there cannot exist efficient market. Auctions allow market mechanism to get involved into the pricing process and the final prices of spectrum paid by operators are market-based. In an efficient market, the market price is the best estimate of value. The purpose of any valuation model is then the justification of this value [6].
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کلمات کلیدی:
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