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عنوان فارسی مقاله:
اجراگری علوم اجتماعی به عنوان محقق سازمان دیده
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله:
Performativity of social sciences as seen by an organization scholar
سال انتشار : 2016
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بخشی از مقاله انگلیسی:
2. The performativity of economics?
Economic sociologists have recently developed the notion of performativity, applying it to the analysis of contemporary economic theory. It was Michel Callon who famously suggested, “economics, in the broad sense of the term, performs, shapes and formats the economy, rather than observing how it functions” (1998: 2). Many scholars of science and technology adopted this idea, and began writing about performativity, by which they meant that “theories and models bring about the very conditions that they attempt to explain” (MacKenzie, 2008, p. 25). Is it good or bad? The main proponents of the focus on performativity claim that it is neutral: “An emphasis on performativity does not imply an evaluation, positive or negative, of the ‘effects’ of the aspect of economics in question” (MacKenzie et al., 2007: 5). This declaration shows that they keep the promises of symmetry made by science and technology studies, from which this use of performativity originated. Not everybody is prepared to follow it, however. Daniel Miller (2002: 218) accused Callon and his followers of defending “the economists' model of a framed and abstracted market against empirical evidence that contemporary exchange rarely if ever works according to the laws of the market”. Mirowski and Nik-Khah (2007) refused to see the performativity of many an economic theory. Others see performativity interpretation as straightforwardly critical: as an accusation that, in pretending to describe the world, economists shape it according to their wishes and models (e.g. Christophers, 2012). A devil's advocate could suggest that usage of the performativity notion by economic sociologists is tinted with admiration, not to say envy. After all, sociology, in the times between Durkheim and Parsons, was strongly performative, was it not? In an interview, Callon said (in Barry and Slater, 2003: 301) “We recognize the right of the economists to contribute to performing markets, but at the same time we claim our own right to do the same but from a different perspective”.
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کلمات کلیدی:
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